PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION FROM MINUTE BLOODSTAINS BY DOT ELISA TECHNIQUES

通过点 ELISA 技术从微小血迹中进行个人身份识别

• 批准号: 62570266
• 负责人: ISHIZU Hideo
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: KOCHI MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62570266/
• 关键词: Species identification; Fetal blood identification; Blood grouping; Monoclonal antibody; Dot blotting; ELISA; 血痕; α-フェトプロテイン; IgA; ドットイムノバインディングアッセイ

We have devised some methods using a dot ELISA technique to obtain-informations useful for the personal identification from bloodstains.1. In the identification of human bloodstains by dot ELISA methods using monoclonal antibodies against human serum proteins, the method using anti-human albumin (anit-ALB) was very sensitive and did not show cross-reaction with red-chested tamarin, one of new world monkeys, and non-primate animals. The method using anti-human immunoglobulin kappa chain (anti-Igk) was not so sensitive as the method using anti-ALB but the specificity was more improved and did not show any cross-reaction with primates other than chimpanzee. Our methods using anti-ALB and anti-Igk would be useful in forensic practice.2. For the discrimination between adult and fetal/neonatal bloodstains, we tried to detect IgA and AFP from the same bloodstain extract by the dot ELISA method using monoclonal antihuman IgA and anti-human AFP. By this method, we were able to discriminate fetal/neonatal bloodstains from adult ones until one year after the stain preparation. Using this method, bloodstains from pathologic adults with increased blood AFP level such as patients with hepatoma could be easily discriminated from fetal/neonatal bloodstains.3. ABO blood grouping from bloodstains was possible by the dot ELISA using monoclonal anti-A, Anti-B and anti-H, and the possibility of MN blood typing from bloodstains by the dot ELISA have been suggested.

我们设计了一些方法，使用斑点ELISA技术来从血迹中获取对身份识别有用的信息。 1．在使用抗人血清蛋白单克隆抗体的斑点ELISA方法鉴定人血迹时，使用抗人白蛋白（anit-ALB）的方法非常灵敏，并且与红胸狨猴（新世界猴之一）没有表现出交叉反应。猴子和非灵长类动物。使用抗人免疫球蛋白κ链（抗Igk）的方法不如使用抗ALB的方法灵敏，但特异性得到更大改善，且未显示与黑猩猩以外的灵长类动物的任何交叉反应。我们使用抗 ALB 和抗 Igk 的方法将在法医实践中有用。 2．为了区分成人和胎儿/新生儿血迹，我们尝试使用单克隆抗人 IgA 和抗人 AFP，通过斑点 ELISA 方法从同一血迹提取物中检测 IgA 和 AFP。通过这种方法，我们能够在染色准备一年后区分胎儿/新生儿血迹和成人血迹。使用这种方法，可以很容易地将来自血液AFP水平升高的病理成人（例如肝癌患者）的血迹与胎儿/新生儿的血迹区分开来。3．使用单克隆抗 A、抗 B 和抗 H 的点 ELISA 可以从血迹中进行 ABO 血型，并且已经提出了通过点 ELISA 从血迹中进行 MN 血型的可能性。