Research on shaping for severly handicapped children

重度残疾儿童塑形研究

基本信息

批准号：
61301014
负责人：
AGARI Ichiro
金额：
$ 4.42万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. Investigation of treatment and education for severely handicapped children.(1)There were no definite methods of treatment and education for the severely handicapped children and usually many kinds of methods were employed together.(2)Effectiveness of operant technique were confirmed throughout this investigation.2. Theoretical approaches of shaping for severely handicapped children.(1)Schedules of reinforcement and choice of reinforcements were essentials.(2)Ratio schedule was more effectiveness than interval schedule and the ratio schedule showed grater resistance to extinciton.(3)In general, foods were useful as a positive primary reinforcer.(4)The possibility of using sensory stimulus was suggested. However, it was difficult to transform a primary reinforcer to secondly reinforcer.(5)The reinforcer consisted of smiling, eyes contact and verbalization was effective.3. Examination of language acquisition of mentally retarded children. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the mentally retarded children's mand acquisition processes. The results suggested that setting up appropriate training phases was very important and the free operant method is quite effective.4. Treatment and education for Down syndrome children. Early stage interventions in Down syndrome children were carried out using University of Washington programme and effects of the programme were found. However, long term follow up should be done to maintain the effects.5. Short term intensive training for handicapped children. One-week intensive training camp for handicapped children was conducted and the efficiency and limitation was examined.

1.重度残疾儿童的治疗和教育调查。(1)重度残疾儿童的治疗和教育没有明确的方法，通常是多种方法结合使用。(2)本次操作技术的有效性得到了证实。调查.2.重度残疾儿童塑造的理论途径。(1)强化时间表和强化的选择是关键。(2)比率计划比间隔计划更有效，比率计划显示出更强的抗消退能力。(3)一般来说，食物(4)提出了使用感觉刺激的可能性。然而，一级强化物向二级强化物的转化是困难的。(5)微笑、目光接触、言语等强化物是有效的。3．弱智儿童语言习得检查。进行了一项实验研究来调查弱智儿童的命令获取过程。结果表明，设置适当的训练阶段非常重要，自由操作法是非常有效的。 4．唐氏综合症儿童的治疗和教育。利用华盛顿大学的项目对唐氏综合症儿童进行早期干预，并发现了该项目的效果。但应长期随访以维持效果。5．残疾儿童短期强化训练。开展为期一周的残疾儿童强化训练营，并检验其有效性和局限性。