Localization of circadian clock and its structure

生物钟及其结构的定位

基本信息

批准号：
60304010
负责人：
CHIBA Yoshihiko
金额：
$ 6.27万
依托单位：
YAMAGUCHI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60304010/
关键词：
circadian rhythm circadian clock suprachiasmatic nuclei pineal body eye optic lobe unicellular organisms 光周性

项目摘要

Circadian rhythm is an about-24 hr endogenous oscillation underlain by a time measuring mechanism (circadian clock). A strategy for elucidating the mechanism includes three progressive stages: (1) localization of candidate clock tissues, (2) demonstrat-tion of a self-oscillating ability of the tissue, and (3) approaches to deeper mechanisms from aspects of cell or molecular biology. This project team comprised 12 active researchers working along this strategy.Results were obtained as follows.1. Localization of the clock in Metazoa: Self-oscillating ability of the cricket optic lobe were demonstrated alomst conclusively. Interspecies transplantation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei were attempted with rodents. Studies on melatonin production , a key factor for controlling overt rhythms, in the pineal body and the eye of vertebrates were deepened.2. Clocks at cellular level: A molecular-biological study clarified that a clock mutant of a Neurospora rhythm is characterized by an abnormal calcium metabolism. Biophysical mechanisms of Paramecium swimming rhythm were analysed using a computerized system for monitoring cell movements. PTTH cells, which may form an essential part of the insect brain clock, were tried to be located by an immunohistochemical method.3. Photoperiodic clocks: How photoperiodism is related to circadian rhythm was also studied. An interesting result was obtained, in a cricket study,that heavy water lengthened the freerunning period of locomotion but did not affect the critical photoperiod. External coincidence model now widely accepted may not apply to this case.4. Gene cloning techniques: Utility of this newly developed techniques was emphasized in studies on brain and prothoracic clock of insects and bird pineal clock.

昼夜节律是由时间测量机制（昼夜节律时钟）的大约24 hr内源性振荡。阐明该机制的一种策略包括三个渐进阶段：（1）候选时钟组织的定位，（2）展示组织的自振荡能力，以及（3）从细胞或分子生物学方面进行更深入机制的方法。该项目团队组成了12位遵循此策略的活跃研究人员。获得的结果如下1。最终证明了时钟中时钟的定位：板球视神叶的自振荡能力。尝试使用啮齿动物的核上核的种间移植。在松果体和脊椎动物的眼睛中，对褪黑激素产生的研究是控制明显节奏的关键因素。2。细胞水平的时钟：一项分子生物学研究阐明了神经孢子节律的时钟突变体的特征是异常的钙代谢。使用计算机化系统分析了亚比菌游泳节奏的生物物理机制，以监测细胞运动。可能构成昆虫脑时钟重要组成部分的PTTH细胞试图通过免疫组织化学方法定位3。光周期时钟：还研究了光周期与昼夜节律有关。在一项板球研究中，获得了一个有趣的结果，即重水延长了自由运动时期，但并不影响关键的光周期。现在被广泛接受的外部重合模型可能不适用于此情况4。基因克隆技术：这种新开发的技术的效用在昆虫和鸟腰钟的脑和胸凝时钟的研究中得到了强调。