New Technologies of DMFC

DMFC新技术

基本信息

批准号：
13134101
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Yohtaro
金额：
$ 22.14万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The fuel cells for liquid alcohol fuels are studied intensively. Alcohols are more suitable for fuels than hydrogen because we easily store and transport. In this project direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells are mainly investigated in order to support the efforts to develop their practical use. First the factors preventing the practical use of DMFCs are summarized as: (1) low efficiency for power generation, (2) low power density, (3) high material cost, (4) too large for portable applications, (5) toxicity of methanol. Then the basic 5 approaches were designed to solve the problems. They are : (1) reduction of the methanol cross over, (2) development of a high current density electrode and high temperature electrolyte materials, (3) reduction of the platinum loading on the DMFC electrodes, and development of new catalysis without containing precious metals, (4) development of MEMS fuel cells for miniaturization, (5) studying direct ethanol fuel cells.The fo … More llowing solutions for the 5 problems were obtained as the result of this project. (1) A new type of membrane namely the pore-filling membrane was developed, and its MEA gives high performance with high concentration methanol fuel (around 10M). (2) A novel DMFC with a porous carbon substrate was developed to reduce the methanol cross over, and the single cell showed a high I-V performance even at high methanol concentration (as high as 17M). (3) APt/SnOx catalyst was synthesized on a well controlled surface of carbon nano-tubes by self-organization. Such nano-structure is promising for the reduction of Pt loading in DMFCs. (4) Novel micro DMFCs based on MEMS technology were designed and fabricated. This technology reduces the number of the components in a DMFC and reduces the assembly cost as well as reduces their sizes. (5) A direct ethanol fuel cell is studied and the behavior of the acetaldehyde which is an intermediate product in the anode reaction was investigated. The knowledge obtained in this analysis contributes to the realization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Less

对液体醇燃料的燃料电池进行了深入研究，因为醇比氢更适合作为燃料，因此我们主要研究直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）和直接乙醇燃料电池，以支持这些努力。首先，阻碍DMFC实际使用的因素总结为：（1）发电效率低，（2）功率密度低，（3）材料成本高，（4）对于便携式应用来说太大。、（5）毒性然后设计了5种基本方法来解决这些问题，它们是：（1）减少甲醇渗透，（2）开发高电流密度电极和高温电解质材料，（3）减少甲醇。 DMFC 电极上的铂负载，以及开发不含贵金属的新型催化剂，(4) 开发微型化 MEMS 燃料电池，(5) 研究直接乙醇燃料电池。这 5 个问题的缓慢解决方案是(1) 开发了一种新型膜，即孔隙填充膜，其 MEA 对高浓度甲醇燃料（约 10M）具有高性能。 (2) 一种新型多孔 DMFC。开发了碳底物来减少甲醇交叉，即使在高甲醇浓度（高达17M）下，单电池也表现出高I-V性能（3）在良好控制的表面上合成了APt/SnOx催化剂。这种纳米结构有望减少 DMFC 中的 Pt 负载。 (4) 设计和制造了基于 MEMS 技术的新型微型 DMFC，该技术减少了器件的数量。 (5) 研究了直接乙醇燃料电池，并研究了阳极反应中的中间产物乙醛的行为。有助于实现直接乙醇燃料电池（DEFC）。