Mechanism of fruit softening and its inhibition during distribution and storage in persimmon fruit

柿果实软化机理及其在流通贮藏过程中的抑制作用

• 批准号: 14560023
• 负责人: KUBO Yasutaka
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560023/
• 关键词: Fruit softening; Ethylene; Japanese persimmon; Water stress; 1-MCP; ACC synthase; Cell wall modifying enzyme; Gene expression; 防湿段ボール箱

Persimmon fruit undergoes intensive cell wall modification during fruit softening in its postharvest life. In order to investigate the mechanism of fruit softening, we employed a strong inhibitor of ethylene action, 1-MCP, and the technique of molecular biology. As the first step, we cloned cDNAs for ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, cellulase (Cel), polygalacturonase (PG) and for expansin, from persimmon fruit and characterized their expression.Ethylene production was induced within a few days of harvest in all fruit tissues tested, accompanied by temporally and spatially coordinated expression of all the DK-ACS and DK-ACO genes. In all tissues except the calyx, treatment of 1-MCP suppressed ethylene production and ethylene biosynthesis-related gene expression. In the calyx, however, DK-ACS2 exhibited increased mRNA accumulation accompanied by a large quantity of ethylene production, and 1-MCP treatment did not prevent the events. Furthermore, the alleviation of water stress by packaging the … More fruit with perforated polyethylene bag significantly delayed the onset of ethylene production and the expression of DK-ACS2 in the calyx. These results indicate that ethylene biosynthesis in persimmon fruit is initially induced in calyx and is modulated by water loss through transcriptional activation of DK-ACS2. The ethylene produced in the calyx subsequently diffuses to other fruit tissues and acts as a secondly signal that stimulates autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis in these tissues, leading to intensive fruit softening.The accumulation of DK-Cel3, DK-PG1, and DK-Exp2 mRNAs was induced simultaneously with commencement of ethylene production and softening in harvested 'Hiratanenashi' persimmon fruit. The MCP pre-treatment delayed the accumulation of these mRNAs and fruit softening while propylene treatment resulted in the accumulation of these mRNAs within one day and a rapid fruit softening. On the other hand, mRNAs for DK-Cell, DK-Cel2, and DK-Exp1 had already accumulated in the fruit at harvest and decreased during shelf life. These results indicate that the ethylene dependent gene expression of DK-Cel3, DK-PG1, and DK-Exp2 might be closely involved in fruit softening of 'Hiratanenashi' persimmon.We investigated the potential for commercial use of 1-MCP to extend the shelf life of 'Tonewase' and 'Saijo' fruit, in combination with de-astringency treatment using high carbon dioxide. The non-1-MCP treated fruits softened within 5 days after harvest, resulting in unacceptable quality. The 1-MCP treatments at more than 100 nl 1^<-1> for 16 -48 h inhibited fruit softening for 12 days and 16 days after harvest at room temperature in 'Tonewase' and 'Saijo', respectively. A time lag of up to 12 h from harvest to the beginning of 1-MCP treatment did not damage the beneficial effects of 1-MCP. These results indicate that 1-MCP is a promising chemical to extend shelf life of Japanese persimmons. Less

柿子果实，在其后寿命中果实软化期间的密集细胞壁修饰，我们采用了强大的乙烯作用抑制剂，我们将CDNA克隆用于ACC氧化酶，纤维素酶（CEL），多因性疗法（PG），用于扩张素在所有测试的水果组织中，在收获的几天内诱导了乙烯的特征，并伴随着时间和空间协调的表达组织组织，除了花萼ducity和乙烯生物合成相关的基因表达，但DK-ACS2均表现出。通过大量乙烯产生的mRNA增加，1-MCP处理并不能阻止水应力。在花萼中，ACS2通过DK-ACS2的转录激活在花萼和模块化s中诱导。 -cel3，dk-pg1和dk-exp2 mRNA同时诱导了甲苯和“ hirataneenested”中的软化，persimmon果实的preat延迟了这些mRNA和果实的prop，而丙烯在一天和一天内都珍贵的MRNA在一天之内积累另一方面，快速的果实变软，DK-Cell，DK-CEL2和DK-Exp1的mRNA在保存期间已经在果实中累积了，并且DK-Exp2可能紧密在“ Hiratanenashi”柿子的水果软化中。我们研究了使用碳二氧化碳的结合使用1-MCP来延长“ Tonewase”果实的保质期，以延长“ Tonewase”水果的保质期。收获后的5天内，非1-MCP处理的水果在100 nl 1^<-48 h以上的1-MCP处理抑制了果实软化或在室温下在室温下以“ Tonewase”和“ Tonewase”和'和“ saijo”，从收获到1-MCP处理的时间长达12小时，不会损害1-MCP的有益结果。波斯门少

项目成果

Nakano, R., Y.Kubo, A.Inaba et al.: "Ethylene biosynthesis in detached young persimmon fruit is initiated in calyx and modulated by water loss from the fruit"Plant Phsysiology. 131. 276-286 (2003)

Nakano, R.、Y.Kubo、A.Inaba 等人：“分离的年轻柿子果实中的乙烯生物合成是在花萼中启动的，并通过果实的水分损失进行调节”植物生理学。

Nakano, R., Y.Kubo, A.Inaba et al.: "Ethylene biosynthesis in detached young persimmon fruit is initiated in calyxAnd modulated by water loss from the fruit"Plant Physiology. 131. 276-286 (2003)

Nakano, R.、Y.Kubo、A.Inaba 等人：“分离的幼柿果实中的乙烯生物合成是在花萼中启动的，并受果实失水的调节”植物生理学。

Harima, S., Y.Kubo et al.: "Extending shelf-life of astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki)"Postharvest Biology and Technology. 29. 318-323 (2003)

Harima, S., Y.Kubo 等人：“延长涩柿 (Diospyros kaki) 的保质期”采后生物学和技术。

Harima, S., Y.Kubo et al.: "Extending shelf-life of astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit by1-MCP"Postharvest Biology and Technology. 29. 318-323 (2003)

Harima, S., Y.Kubo 等人：“通过 1-MCP 延长涩柿 (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) 果实的保质期”采后生物学和技术。

Kubo, Y., R.Nakano, A.Inaba: "Cloning of genes encoding cell wall modifying enzymes and their expression in persimmon fruit"Acta Horticulturae. 601. 49-55 (2003)

Kubo，Y.，R.Nakano，A.Inaba：“编码细胞壁修饰酶的基因的克隆及其在柿子果实中的表达”园艺学报。