Mechanism of fruit softening and its inhibition during distribution and storage in persimmon fruit

柿果实软化机理及其在流通贮藏过程中的抑制作用

• 批准号: 14560023
• 负责人: KUBO Yasutaka
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560023/
• 关键词: Fruit softening; Ethylene; Japanese persimmon; Water stress; 1-MCP; ACC synthase; Cell wall modifying enzyme; Gene expression; 防湿段ボール箱

Persimmon fruit undergoes intensive cell wall modification during fruit softening in its postharvest life. In order to investigate the mechanism of fruit softening, we employed a strong inhibitor of ethylene action, 1-MCP, and the technique of molecular biology. As the first step, we cloned cDNAs for ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, cellulase (Cel), polygalacturonase (PG) and for expansin, from persimmon fruit and characterized their expression.Ethylene production was induced within a few days of harvest in all fruit tissues tested, accompanied by temporally and spatially coordinated expression of all the DK-ACS and DK-ACO genes. In all tissues except the calyx, treatment of 1-MCP suppressed ethylene production and ethylene biosynthesis-related gene expression. In the calyx, however, DK-ACS2 exhibited increased mRNA accumulation accompanied by a large quantity of ethylene production, and 1-MCP treatment did not prevent the events. Furthermore, the alleviation of water stress by packaging the … More fruit with perforated polyethylene bag significantly delayed the onset of ethylene production and the expression of DK-ACS2 in the calyx. These results indicate that ethylene biosynthesis in persimmon fruit is initially induced in calyx and is modulated by water loss through transcriptional activation of DK-ACS2. The ethylene produced in the calyx subsequently diffuses to other fruit tissues and acts as a secondly signal that stimulates autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis in these tissues, leading to intensive fruit softening.The accumulation of DK-Cel3, DK-PG1, and DK-Exp2 mRNAs was induced simultaneously with commencement of ethylene production and softening in harvested 'Hiratanenashi' persimmon fruit. The MCP pre-treatment delayed the accumulation of these mRNAs and fruit softening while propylene treatment resulted in the accumulation of these mRNAs within one day and a rapid fruit softening. On the other hand, mRNAs for DK-Cell, DK-Cel2, and DK-Exp1 had already accumulated in the fruit at harvest and decreased during shelf life. These results indicate that the ethylene dependent gene expression of DK-Cel3, DK-PG1, and DK-Exp2 might be closely involved in fruit softening of 'Hiratanenashi' persimmon.We investigated the potential for commercial use of 1-MCP to extend the shelf life of 'Tonewase' and 'Saijo' fruit, in combination with de-astringency treatment using high carbon dioxide. The non-1-MCP treated fruits softened within 5 days after harvest, resulting in unacceptable quality. The 1-MCP treatments at more than 100 nl 1^<-1> for 16 -48 h inhibited fruit softening for 12 days and 16 days after harvest at room temperature in 'Tonewase' and 'Saijo', respectively. A time lag of up to 12 h from harvest to the beginning of 1-MCP treatment did not damage the beneficial effects of 1-MCP. These results indicate that 1-MCP is a promising chemical to extend shelf life of Japanese persimmons. Less

柿子水果在其后寿命中的果实软化过程中经历了密集的细胞壁修饰。为了研究水果软化的机制，我们采用了强烈的乙烯作用抑制剂，1-MCP和分子生物学技术。作为第一步，我们将CDNA克隆用于ACC合酶，ACC氧化物，纤维素酶（CEL），多出癌酶（PG）和膨胀蛋白，从Persimmon的果实中，并表征其表达。在所有果实时，通过临时和空间协调的所有果实表达诱导了乙烯的产生。在蒂姆利（Timuli）中，除花萼外，1-MCP的处理抑制了乙烯的产生和与乙烯生物合成相关的基因表达。然而，在花萼中，DK-ACS2表现出通过大量乙烯产生完成的mRNA积累增加，而1-MCP处理并不能阻止这些事件。此外，通过包装更多的水果和穿孔的聚乙烯袋来减轻水应力，从而显着延迟了乙烯产生的发作和在花萼中DK-ACS2的表达。这些结果表明，柿子果实中的乙烯生物合成最初是在花萼中诱导的，并通过DK-ACS2的转录激活来调节水分流失。 The ethylene produced in the calyx subsequently diffuses to Other fruit timings and acts as a secondly signal that stimulates autocatalytic ethylene biosynthesis in these temps, leading to intensive fruit softening.The accumulation of DK-Cel3, DK-PG1, and DK-Exp2 mRNAs was induced simply with commencement of ethylene production and softening in harvested 'Hiratanenashi' persimmon 水果。 MCP预处理延迟了这些mRNA和果实软化的积累，而丙烯治疗导致这些mRNA在一天之内积累，并快速果实软化。另一方面，用于DK-Cell，DK-CEL2和DK-Exp1的mRNA已经在收获时积累并在保质期间发育。这些结果表明，DK-CEL3，DK-PG1和DK-Exp2的依赖性基因表达可能与“ Hiratanenashi” Persimmon的水果软化紧密相关。我们研究了使用1-MCP的商业使用，以延长“ Tonewase”和“ Saijo”水果的质量治疗，并使用高度cacrantigenceencine conternistion cackinenty cackinenty conforness扩展了'tonewase'和saijo'水果的寿命。收获后5天内，非1-MCP处理的水果在5天内变软，导致不可接受的质量。 16 -48 h的1-MCP治疗分别在16 -48 h的16 -48 h抑制果实软化，分别在室温下以“ tonewase”和“ saijo”收获后12天和16天。从收获到1-MCP治疗开始的时间长达12小时的时间滞后不会损害1-MCP的有益作用。这些结果表明1-MCP是一种承诺的化学物质，可以延长日本柿子的保质期。较少的

项目成果

Nakano, R., Y.Kubo, A.Inaba et al.: "Ethylene biosynthesis in detached young persimmon fruit is initiated in calyx and modulated by water loss from the fruit"Plant Phsysiology. 131. 276-286 (2003)

Nakano, R.、Y.Kubo、A.Inaba 等人：“分离的年轻柿子果实中的乙烯生物合成是在花萼中启动的，并通过果实的水分损失进行调节”植物生理学。

Nakano, R., Y.Kubo, A.Inaba et al.: "Ethylene biosynthesis in detached young persimmon fruit is initiated in calyxAnd modulated by water loss from the fruit"Plant Physiology. 131. 276-286 (2003)

Nakano, R.、Y.Kubo、A.Inaba 等人：“分离的幼柿果实中的乙烯生物合成是在花萼中启动的，并受果实失水的调节”植物生理学。

Harima, S., Y.Kubo et al.: "Extending shelf-life of astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki)"Postharvest Biology and Technology. 29. 318-323 (2003)

Harima, S., Y.Kubo 等人：“延长涩柿 (Diospyros kaki) 的保质期”采后生物学和技术。

Kubo, Y., R.Nakano, A.Inaba: "Cloning of genes encoding cell wall modifying enzymes and their expression in persimmon fruit"Acta Horticulturae. 601. 49-55 (2003)

Kubo，Y.，R.Nakano，A.Inaba：“编码细胞壁修饰酶的基因的克隆及其在柿子果实中的表达”园艺学报。

Harima, S., Y.Kubo et al.: "Extending shelf-life of astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit by1-MCP"Postharvest Biology and Technology. 29. 318-323 (2003)

Harima, S., Y.Kubo 等人：“通过 1-MCP 延长涩柿 (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) 果实的保质期”采后生物学和技术。