Playing "in the Loop". New Human-Software Relations in Human Computation Systems and Their Impact on Spheres of Everyday Life

播放“循环”。

• 批准号: 464513114
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Johannes Moser
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Empirische Kulturwissenschaft und Europäische Ethnologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/464513114?language=en
• 关键词: Playing; Loop; New; Human; Software

Today, algorithms are found to outperform humans in various fields, with their speed and accuracy far exceeding human abilities in incomparable manners. However, algorithms still fail on many comparatively basic problems that are easily solved by humans. Moreover, most of the algorithmic approaches to solving these problems are based on machine learning and require people “in the loop” to generate large amounts of training data for the algorithms. An approach in which humans and algorithms work together to tackle problems that neither of them can easily solve on their own is known as Human Computation. Within the realm of human computation, Human Computation Systems (HCS) delegate particular computational steps or tasks to humans. This emerging and increasingly important research area in computer science is especially successful in the area of citizen science (CS). Here, projects are usually conceived as computer games in which participants playfully generate surplus value both for a specific research project and for the algorithms. While HCS raise numerous social questions, as field of research they are almost unexplored in cultural anthropology. The proposed project is dedicated to this new research field and focuses on two aspects: On the one hand, it focuses on the investigation of HCS from a subject-related and moral perspective. This includes questions about how the systems are formed and what role human actors play within them. On the other hand, the project focuses on the impacts that HCS in CS-projects have on our understandings of the daily spheres of play, work and science, that function as important frames of reference for our self-understanding. The project draws on theoretical and conceptual perspectives from the field of digital anthropology and technology, the examination of (digital) ethics and the role of the subject, and the exploration of the meanings of the aforementioned spheres of the everyday life. Three case studies form the core of the project and will be investigated microanalytically. In order to investigate the interplay and mutual dependencies of the actors involved in HCS – developers, researchers, users and code – and thus the systems they have jointly formed, the approach is based on method triangulation and is multi-perspectival. By combining the perspectives of cultural anthropology and computer science this project aims at gaining an in-depth understanding of HCS and their implications on everyday life. The objective of the project is to contribute to the exploration of emerging human-machine interactions in the field of AI and also to further opening cultural anthropology for interdisciplinary research about these cross-thematic and interdisciplinary phenomena.

如今，发现算法在各个领域都超过了人类，其速度和准确性远远超出了无与伦比的举止能力。但是，算法仍然在许多相对基本的问题上失败，这些问题很容易被人类解决。此外，解决这些问题的大多数算法方法都是基于机器学习，并要求“循环”中的人们为算法生成大量的培训数据。人类和算法共同解决他们俩都无法轻松解决的问题的方法被称为人类计算。在人类计算领域内，人类计算系统（HCS）将特定的计算步骤或任务委托给人类。在公民科学领域（CS）领域，计算机科学领域的新出现且越来越重要的研究领域尤其成功。在这里，通常将项目视为计算机游戏，参与者在特定的研究项目和算法中都可以嬉戏地产生剩余价值。尽管HC提出了许多社会问题，但作为研究领域，它们在文化人类学中几乎是出乎意料的。拟议的项目专门针对这个新的研究领域，并侧重于两个方面：一方面，它重点是从主题相关和道德观点对HCS进行调查。这包括有关系统如何形成以及人类参与者在其中扮演什么角色的问题。另一方面，该项目的重点是HCS中的HCS对我们对游戏，工作和科学每日领域的理解的影响，这些影响是我们自我理解的重要参考框架。该项目借鉴了数字人类学和技术领域的理论和概念观点，（数字）伦理学和主题的作用以及对日常生活相关术语领域的含义的探索。三个案例研究构成了该项目的核心，将进行微分析研究。为了研究HCS参与的参与者（开发人员，研究人员，用户和代码）的相互作用和相互依赖性，因此他们共同形成的系统是基于方法三角测量的，并且是多观点。通过结合文化人类学和计算机科学的观点，该项目旨在深入了解HCS及其对日常生活的影响。该项目的目的是为探索AI领域中新兴的人机相互作用的探索，并进一步开放有关这些跨科和跨学科现象的跨学科研究的文化人类学。