A study on the sustainability of water resources at the downstream of the Blue Nile and on the modernization of its irrigated agriculture

青尼罗河下游水资源可持续性及其灌溉农业现代化研究

基本信息

批准号：
12574015
负责人：
HATA Takeshi
金额：
$ 7.49万
依托单位：
Kobe University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Many recession limbs of observed hydrographs are analyzed with physical processes, and a model for predicting annual recession hydrographs is developed. Though the rainfall data are available as monthly, the runoff processes at the upper Blue Nile are simulated based on the digital elevation model, soil map and air temperature data. Monthly flows were well estimated. To know the available water from the Blue Nile prior to irrigation period means that the organization has much option in crop choices and has much possibility of more efficient allocation of water resources. By using the recession flow model, which makes better prediction than before, planning of crop production is simulated for allocating water, which is to be used for hydropower as well as for agriculture.The improvement of water use by the participatory management of irrigation systems is developed and evaluated. The knowledge and experience are now available, and that if combined with proper local and international support may change the water management in the Gezira scheme which remained unchanged for the past 75 years or more.Wheat is a strategic crop in Sudan. It is produced exclusively under irrigation during the short winter season between November and March. A field experiment was conducted for two seasons (2001 and 2002) and the recommended bed planting treatment was compared with the traditional one. The results show bed planting could be considered as one of the methods for wheat production in Sudan's Vertisols with water savings. Simple water harvesting techniques such as sowing on the bottom of the ridges are tested and significantly increased the yield of grain sorghum. It allows the use of the higher yielding drought sensitive varieties under low rainfall conditions. It is efficient to go for planting in the furrow as a good measure in case of water scarcity.

通过物理过程对观测到的过程线的许多退缩肢进行了分析，并开发了预测年度退缩过程线的模型。虽然降雨数据按月提供，但青尼罗河上游的径流过程是根据数字高程模型、土壤图和气温数据进行模拟的。每月流量得到了很好的估计。在灌溉期之前了解青尼罗河的可用水量意味着该组织在作物选择上有很多选择，并且有很大可能更有效地分配水资源。通过使用预测效果更好的衰退流量模型，模拟作物生产规划来分配水，这些水将用于水电和农业。通过灌溉系统的参与式管理来改善用水开发和评估。现在已经有了知识和经验，如果与适当的当地和国际支持相结合，可能会改变杰齐拉计划中的水管理，该计划在过去 75 年或更长时间里保持不变。小麦是苏丹的战略作物。它仅在十一月至三月短暂的冬季期间通过灌溉生产。进行了两个季节（2001年和2002年）的田间试验，并将推荐的床植处理与传统处理进行了比较。结果表明，苗床种植可被视为苏丹变土地区小麦节水生产的方法之一。试验了在垄底播种等简单的集水技术，显着提高了高粱的产量。它允许在低降雨条件下使用高产干旱敏感品种。在缺水的情况下，在沟里种植是一种有效的措施。