Comparative Study on Rhetoric Skills in Courts and Negotiation-Japan and Britain

法庭与谈判中的修辞技巧比较研究——日英

基本信息

批准号：
11695017
负责人：
MINAMIKATA Satoshi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
NIIGATA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1. It is unusual to observe in Japanese courts that judges declare final decisions after hearing fierce exchange of statements by the lawyers on relevant legal issues, since they make judgment in civil disputes considering the documents submitted by the parties' lawyers and in criminal cas es they seem not to face difficulties to make decision to the defendants most of who have admitted guilty. In this respect, rhetoric skills in the court are not regarded important to ordinary practicing lawyers.2. In the case of family court mediation, rhetoric skills seem to be more crucial for the family court mediator for sorting out difficult relationships of the parties. The core principle of family court mediation is 'self-decision' by the parties. Therefore, the main role of family court mediators is to support the parties to understand their situation, to talk about their issues, and to help them to reach an agreement. In order to achieve such objects, the mediators often use their own rhetoric skills based on their long experience as a mediator.3. In Britain, developments in rhetoric skills in litigations reflect the efforts by the lawyers for wining their cases of felony trials for more than three hundred years. In the nineteenth century, in particular, they pleaded eloquently in the court room for attracting the jurors' sympathy to their clients. The lawyers, however, found that eloquent rhetoric was not familiar to jurors - ordinary people, and then they tended to use plain and current language in litigation. Such tendency seems to be wide spread among lawyers, in particular when they commit ADR settings in which the parties - lay people - deal with their dispute by their own skills as an ordinary people.

1. 在日本法院，法官在听取律师就相关法律问题进行激烈的陈述后宣布最终裁决的情况并不多见，因为民事纠纷中法官会考虑当事人律师提交的文件，刑事案件中法官会考虑当事人律师提交的文件做出判决。他们在对大多数已认罪的被告做出决定时似乎并不面临困难。从这个角度来说，法庭上的修辞技巧对于普通执业律师来说并不重要。2．在家事法庭调解中，修辞技巧对于家事法庭调解员解决当事人之间的困难关系似乎更为关键。家事法庭调解的核心原则是当事人“自行决定”。因此，家事法庭调解员的主要作用是支持当事人了解自己的情况，谈论他们的问题，并帮助他们达成协议。为了达到这样的目的，调解员往往运用自己基于长期调解经验的修辞技巧。 3．在英国，诉讼修辞技巧的发展反映了三百多年来律师们为赢得重罪审判而付出的努力。特别是在十九世纪，他们在法庭上雄辩地辩解，以博得陪审员对当事人的同情。然而，律师们发现，陪审员——普通人——并不熟悉雄辩的言辞，于是他们在诉讼中倾向于使用通俗易懂的语言。这种倾向似乎在律师中广泛传播，特别是当他们进行ADR设置时，当事人（非专业人士）可以像普通人一样通过自己的技能来处理争议。