Development and evaluation of effect for reducing method of summer heat in the environment of urban and biological production

城市与生物生产环境夏季降温方法开发及效果评价

基本信息

批准号：
11556047
负责人：
SUZUKI Yoshinori
金额：
$ 6.08万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11556047/
关键词：
heat island urban environment biological production environment evaporative cooling summer heat roof vegetation water retentive ceramics surface temperature 気化冷却屋根面温度

项目摘要

Air temperatures in the big city such as Fukuoka and Tokyo have been raised more than 2℃ in these 100 years. These heat island phenomena are the sign of global warming at the last half of 21st century. Those are caused by the structure of city covered with concrete and asphalt and the increasing energy consumption associated with condensation of human population. The most important one is the replacement of vegetation to concrete, which brought decreasing of evapotranspiration from ground surface. The purpose of the study is to develop methods of recovering of minus condition brought by structural changes.We conducted experimental studies on the characteristics of evaporative cooling using water retentive ceramic tiles and vegetation on the roof. By the comparisons of surface temperatures between roof with iron material of warehouse and water-retentive ceramic tiles, the temperature decreased was found to be about 20℃ at noon. At this time, the evaporation rate was 0.75 mm/h.As for bio … More logical production environment, we conducted field experiment to improve summer heat in domestic animals's house. Here, we tried to ask goats their feeling about heat. The two types of roof with water retentive ceramic tiles and corrugated iron plate were set. When the sunshine was strong, three goats stayed under the ceramic roof but one goat stayed under the iron roof more than 30 minutes. This was caused by less heat radiation from ceramic roof reacting on lower surface temperature. The wet ceramic roof acts as heat radiation absorber, while the original roof does as heat radiator. Thus, wet ceramics can avoid thermal stress on domestic animal's body, human body as well.Next, we analyzed effect of greenery cover over roofs of a building to thermal environment. On the building 38000 plants are planted shaping step gradens. The surface temperature of vegetation was lower about 30℃ at the highest than that of the concrete surface. We made comparative observation about evapotranspiration using the heat balance method and water balance method. We founded most of net radiation was converted into latent heat by evapotranspiration, and the values estimated from both methods were agree with well. In this case, vegetation acts as heat radiation absorber to a human body. Less

在这100年中，大城市（例如福冈和东京）等大城市的空气温度已被升高了2℃。这些热岛现象是21世纪下半叶全球变暖的标志。这些是由覆盖有混凝土和沥青覆盖的城市结构以及与人口凝结相关的能源消耗的增加引起的。最重要的是将植被替换为混凝土，从而导致蒸散量减少。该研究的目的是开发通过结构变化带来的减去状况的方法。我们对屋顶上的水位陶瓷瓷砖和蔬菜进行了有关蒸发器冷却特征的实验研究。通过比较屋顶之间的表面温度与仓库的铁材料和水位陶瓷瓷砖的比较，发现温度在中午约20℃。目前，生物的蒸发率为0.75 mm/h。……更合乎逻辑的生产环境，我们进行了实地实验，以改善家畜房屋中的夏季热量。在这里，我们试图问山羊他们对热的感觉。设置了带有水位陶瓷瓷砖和波纹铁板的两种类型的屋顶。当阳光强烈时，三只山羊停留在陶瓷屋顶下，但一只山羊停在铁顶下超过30分钟。这是由于陶瓷屋顶在较低表面温度下反应的较少的热辐射引起的。湿的陶瓷屋顶充当热辐射吸收器，而原始屋顶则作为热散热器。湿陶瓷也可以避免对家畜的身体，人体的热压力。接下来，我们分析了建筑物屋顶上绿化覆盖物对热环境的影响。在建筑物上，将38000植物种植成整个步骤等级。植被的表面温度比混凝土表面的最高水平低约30℃。我们使用热平衡法和水平平衡法对蒸散量进行了比较观察。我们建立了大多数净辐射通过蒸散液转化为潜热，并且两种方法估计的值都符合。在这种情况下，植被可作为对人体的热辐射吸收器。较少的