Climate Mobility, Onward Precarity and Urban Environment (CEMENT)

气候流动性、未来的不稳定和城市环境（水泥）

• 批准号: ES/X005313/1
• 负责人: Jin-Ho Chung
• 金额: $ 30.38万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX005313%2F1
• 关键词: Climate; Mobility; Onward; Precarity; Urban

Our understanding of 'climate mobility' is changing. 'Climate mobility' means both voluntary and involuntary, multidirectional movement of people, including an act of not moving, for reasons related to climate change, whereas 'climate migration' generally means the permanent change of residence from one country to another. Much scientific research suggests that climate mobility is largely in-country, heading to cities from climate-affected rural areas, and not necessarily permanent. Yet, climate change-induced mass migration from the Global South to the Global North (e.g. Africa to Europe) continues to be frequent in new reports and development policy and practice. Moreover, despite popular assumptions, climate mobility is usually not only about climate change. Even in climate change hotspots in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, climate change is rarely the main reason for mobility. Climate change affects human mobility mostly indirectly through other social, economic and political conditions (e.g. infant mortality rate, food price inflation, unemployment rate etc.) that together affect mobility decision-making processes.My recent comprehensive review of academic and policy research shows that much scientific research a) continues to consider climate change as a main driver of mobility, b) is rooted in the notion of location-based push and pull factors, c) pays less attention to family life, mobility decision-making and structures of society, d) focuses on working-age males in single locations and their economic activities, and e) is geographically biased to either climate change affected rural areas or social inequalities and economic uncertainties in destination areas. The Climate Mobility, Onward Precarity and Urban Environment (CEMENT) project will examine these issues by studying climate mobility in terms of family decision-making, social inequality and economic uncertainties, with Ethiopia as the test case. Through a life course, multi-sited, gender-responsive and age-sensitive investigation of climate mobility practices, CEMENT will explore a) how smallholder families make mobility decisions of different family members in response to increasingly frequent and intense drought events in rural Ethiopia and b) how those individual family members navigate opportunities and challenges in urban Ethiopia. Ethiopia is an important site to study as it is a) a country with increasingly frequent and intense drought events, b) the second largest populated country in Africa, c) predominantly rural but with one of the fastest urbanisation rates of about 5% a year and double-digit annual GDP growth, and d) the third-top recipient of the EU Emergency Trust Fund (EUTF) for Africa and received a total amount of 311 million Euro over the last six years to reduce the arrival of migrants and refugees in Europe.

我们对“气候流动性”的理解正在发生变化。 “气候流动”是指人们出于与气候变化相关的原因而自愿和非自愿的多向流动，包括不流动的行为，而“气候移民”通常是指从一个国家永久改变居住地到另一个国家。许多科学研究表明，气候流动主要发生在国内，从受气候影响的农村地区流向城市，而且不一定是永久性的。然而，在新的报告以及发展政策和实践中，气候变化引起的从南半球到北半球（例如非洲到欧洲）的大规模移民仍然频繁出现。此外，尽管有普遍的假设，气候流动性通常不仅仅与气候变化有关。即使在南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲的气候变化热点地区，气候变化也很少成为流动的主要原因。气候变化主要通过其他社会、经济和政治条件（例如婴儿死亡率、食品价格通胀、失业率等）间接影响人口流动，这些条件共同影响流动决策过程。我最近对学术和政策研究的全面回顾表明：许多科学研究 a) 继续将气候变化视为流动性的主要驱动因素，b) 植根于基于位置的推拉因素的概念，c) 较少关注家庭生活、流动性决策和社会结构, d) 重点关注工作年龄男性e) 在地理上偏向于受气候变化影响的农村地区或目的地地区的社会不平等和经济不确定性。气候流动性、未来的不稳定和城市环境（Cement）项目将以埃塞俄比亚为测试案例，通过研究气候流动性对家庭决策、社会不平等和经济不确定性的影响来研究这些问题。通过对气候流动实践进行生命全程、多地点、性别敏感和年龄敏感的调查，Cement 将探索 a) 小农家庭如何为不同家庭成员做出流动决策，以应对埃塞俄比亚农村地区日益频繁和严重的干旱事件，以及b) 这些家庭成员如何应对埃塞俄比亚城市的机遇和挑战。埃塞俄比亚是一个重要的研究地点，因为它是 a) 干旱事件日益频繁和严重的国家，b) 非洲第二人口大国，c) 主要是农村地区，但城市化率是最快的国家之一，每年约 5%和两位数的年度 GDP 增长，以及 d) 欧盟非洲紧急信托基金 (EUTF) 的第三大受援国，在过去六年中总共收到了 3.11 亿欧元，用于减少非洲移民和难民的到来欧洲。