Changes in Chemical Structure of Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Flesh Tissue of Rosaceae fruits in Concerning with the Mealy Texture.

蔷薇科水果果肉组织中细胞壁多糖化学结构的变化与粉质质地的关系。

基本信息

批准号：
10460011
负责人：
MOTOMURA Yoshie
金额：
$ 7.62万
依托单位：
HIROSAKI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10460011/
关键词：
Rosaseae fruit Cell wall polysaccharides Pectic substances Hemicellulose Uronic acid Pentose Phenolic substances

项目摘要

Softening of fruit occur generaly along with maturation, but the texture of the softened fruit differd by species. Ripened fruits of Rosaseae, such as apple, pear and strawberry also demonstrate different texture.(1) In apple, the texture of softened (over-ripened) fruit can be classified into two types, mealy and soft flesh. In the study of apple flesh, based on the fact that in mealy flesh adhesion between cells loosened and cell separation was observed, to quantify the degree of mealines, four methods were compared. In this study, flesh disks were shaken in sucrose solution, the weights of the disks before and after shaking were maesured, and the percentage decrease was expressed as the degree of mealiness. In comparison of the degree of mealiness of 9 cultivars of ripened apple fruits, the flesh of 'Iwai', 'Jonagold' and 'Starking Delicious' were comparatively easy to be degraded and that of 'Tsugaru' and 'Golden Delicious' were degraded little. Pectic substances in the flesh of 'S … More tarking Delicious(SD)'and 'Golden Delicious(GD)' was fractionated into three fractions (H20, EDTA and HCl soluble), and uronic acid and neutral sugar contents in each fraction were determined. In the mealy flesh of 'SD', pentose content in EDTA fraction was remarkably less than the not mealy flesh and 'GD' . As the pectic substances in EDTA fraction include less neutral sugars as compared with the other pectic fractions, it is considered that this fraction is considered to be the polysaccharides exist in middle lamella between cells. Sugar composition of pectic fractions were compared using gas chromatography, and it was found that the arabinose content of EDTA fraction in mealy flesh was rekarkably low compared with not mealy flesh. By the methylation analysis of the the linkage of sugars, it was found that in 'SD', the terminal arabinose residue on the neutral sugar side chain on the rhamnogaracturonan of pectic substances decreased with the progress of mealiness. In contast, terninal galactose increased with the degree of mealiness. From thse results, during the apple fruit ripening, it was suposed that the mealiness can beinduced by the release of terminal arabinose from the galactose residue on the neutral sugar side chain on the rhamnogalacturonan main chain of the pectic substances of middle lamella between flesh cells.(2) Structural changes in cell wall polysaccharides during fruit growth of seven apple cultivars, structural analysis of xyloglucans isolated from the fruit cell walls of four apple cultivars, changes in permeability of apple cell membrane during fruit growth of three apple cultivars, effects of age, vigor and shape of pear trees and bagging of fruit on the fruit quality, and characterization of cell wall poly-saccharides of Chili strawbwrry in comparison with Japanese strawberry, were investigated. Less

果实的软化一般随着成熟而发生，但软化的果实的质地因品种而异，成熟的蔷薇科水果，如苹果、梨和草莓也表现出不同的质地。(1)在苹果中，软化的质地(过度软化)。成熟的）果实可分为粉状果肉和软果肉两种类型。在对苹果果肉的研究中，通过观察粉状果肉中细胞之间的粘附松动和细胞分离的事实，来量化果肉的程度。本研究对四种方法进行了比较，将果肉圆片在蔗糖溶液中摇动，测量摇动前后圆片的重量，并将减少的百分比表示为粉化程度的比较。 9个成熟苹果品种中，‘岩井’、‘乔纳金’和‘Starking Delicious’的果肉相对容易退化，‘津轻’和‘黄金’的果肉相对容易退化。 'S ... More tarking Delicious(SD)'和'Golden Delicious(GD)'果肉中的果胶物质被分解为三个部分(H20、EDTA和HCl可溶)，以及糖醛酸和中性糖。测定了“SD”粉状果肉中的戊糖含量，其EDTA成分中的戊糖含量显着低于非粉状果肉和“GD”果胶。与其他果胶级分相比，EDTA级分中的物质包含较少的中性糖，认为该级分被认为是存在于细胞之间的中间层中的多糖，使用气相色谱比较果胶级分的糖组成，并且发现。通过对糖键的甲基化分析发现，粉状果肉中的 EDTA 部分的阿拉伯糖含量明显低于非粉状果肉。果胶物质中的鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸上的末端阿拉伯糖残基随着粉化程度的增加而减少，而末端半乳糖则随着粉化程度的增加而增加。据推测，粉化可以通过从鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸主链上的中性糖侧链上的半乳糖残基释放末端阿拉伯糖来诱导。 (2) 7个苹果品种果实生长过程中细胞壁多糖的结构变化、4个苹果品种果实细胞壁中木葡聚糖的结构分析、果实生长过程中苹果细胞膜通透性的变化三个苹果品种的生长，梨树龄、活力、形状和套袋对果实品质的影响，以及辣椒细胞壁多糖的表征与日本草莓相比，调查较少。