Gender copy in comparative perspective

比较视角下的性别复制

• 批准号: 451922097
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Stolz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fach Linguistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/451922097?language=en
• 关键词: Gender; copy; comparative; perspective

The project raises the issue whether the behaviour of grammatical gender in language-contact situations yields recurrent patterns so that it is possible to put forward generalizations and hypotheses. The subject matter is of interest to both the theory of language-contact studies and the typologically-oriented research program dedicated to the category of grammatical gender in general. In contrast to the majority of the previous investigations of grammatical gender under the conditions of language contact, the project approaches the phenomena according to the principles of language comparison, i.e. several binary language-contact situations and their effects on grammatical gender are compared to each other in order to identify similarities and dissimilarities across the sample. To determine whether the rules of the replica language or those of the donor language are decisive for the integration of loan words into the gender system of the former, thirty asymmetrical coterritorial long-term language-contact scenarios are compared which involve a prestigious major language (English, French, German, Italian, Russian) and a subordinated minor language (several Celtic languages, several Romani languages, Polabian, Curonian, Alsatian, Ket, Moldavian, North West Caucasian languages, North East Caucasian languages, Albanian, Greek, and Slavic varieties spoken in Italy). Both source languages and replica languages have (differently organized) gender systems. The leading question is to what extent these contact scenarios give evidence of gender copy. To check whether the findings are typical of asymmetrical contact situations, the integration of Indo-European loanwords into the binary gender system of Modern Hebrew is inquired into, too. Interesting questions connected to the project are: Does the different number of gender values in the donor language and the replica language play a role in the selection of a given gender for loan-word integration? Does it make a difference whether the systems in contact follow different principles of organization (i.e. purely semantic vs. mixed semantic-formal)? Is it of any relevance for loan-word integration if donor language and replica language differ on the parameter of the base of their gender systems (i.e. sex-based vs. non-sex-based)? The above case studies are complemented by a cross-linguistic stocktaking of mentions of grammatical gender in the process of loanword integration in the extant descriptive linguistic literature. The methodology is predominantly qualitative. The perspective is mixed synchronic and diachronic. All empirical findings will be made freely accessible to the interested public in an online database. The project is the first of its kind. The results are interesting to scholars who work on grammatical gender, language contact, language change, loan-word typology, and related topics.

该项目提出了这样一个问题：语言接触情境中的语法性别行为是否会产生反复出现的模式，以便有可能提出概括和假设。该主题对语言接触研究理论和致力于一般语法性别类别的类型学研究项目都很感兴趣。与以往大多数对语言接触条件下的语法性别的研究不同，该项目根据语言比较的原则来处理这一现象，即对几种二元语言接触情况及其对语法性别的影响进行相互比较以便识别样本中的相似点和不同点。为了确定复制语言的规则或源语言的规则对于将外来词纳入前者的性别系统是否具有决定性作用，我们比较了三十种不对称的跨域长期语言接触场景，其中涉及一种著名的主要语言（英语、法语、德语、意大利语、俄语）和一种次要语言（几种凯尔特语、几种罗姆语、波拉比亚语、库尔斯语、阿尔萨斯语、科特语、摩尔达维亚语、西北高加索语、东北高加索语）语言（意大利使用的阿尔巴尼亚语、希腊语和斯拉夫语）。源语言和复制语言都有（组织不同的）性别系统。主要问题是这些接触场景在多大程度上提供了性别复制的证据。为了检查这些发现是否是不对称接触情况的典型，还对印欧语借词与现代希伯来语二元性别系统的整合进行了调查。与该项目相关的有趣问题是：捐赠语言和复制语言中不同数量的性别值是否在选择外来词整合的给定性别中发挥作用？接触的系统是否遵循不同的组织原则（即纯语义与混合语义形式）有什么区别吗？如果捐赠者语言和复制语言在其性别系统基础参数上有所不同（即基于性别的与基于非性别的），那么与外来词整合有任何相关性吗？上述案例研究得到了对现有描述性语言文献中借词整合过程中语法性别提及的跨语言盘点的补充。该方法主要是定性的。这种观点是共时性和历时性的混合体。所有实证研究结果都将通过在线数据库免费向感兴趣的公众开放。该项目是同类项目中的第一个。研究结果对于从事语法性别、语言接触、语言变化、借词类型学和相关主题研究的学者来说很有趣。