Morpho-syntactic typology of place names (TYPTOP)

地名的形态句法类型学 (TYPTOP)

• 批准号: 516330900
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Thomas Stolz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fach Linguistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/516330900?language=en
• 关键词: Morpho; syntactic; typology; place; names

The history, etymology, and internal structure of place names form part of the research domain of onomastics. The behaviour of place names in syntax, however, has hitherto been largely neglected by onomasticians. The project aims at proving that it is worthwhile linguistically to study the morpho-syntax of place names in-depth by way of comparing cross-linguistic data from a wide range of genetically, areally, and structurally diverse languages. Previous studies conducted by members of the TYPTOP project-team reveal that in many languages from different parts of the world, place names obey to rules which differ markedly from those which determine the ways in which common nouns and/or person names can be employed in syntax. A structural trait shared by probably hundreds of languages across the world map is the possibility of leaving spatial relations such as Place, Goal, and Source unspecified in constructions which involve a place name whereas the same categories must be expressed overtly if the construction involves a person name or a common noun. In Maltese, for instance, it is widely common to drop the preposition fi ‘in’ in combinations with a place name as in it-tifla marret Ø il-Belt ‘the girl went to Valletta’ (where Ø marks the absence of the preposition). In contrast, if il-Belt ‘Valletta’ is replaced with a person name or a common noun, the use of prepositions is obligatory as in it-tifla marret għand Pawlu ‘the girl went to Paul’s’ or it-tifla marret f’il-kċina ‘the girl went (in)to the kitchen’. Unrelated languages like Aromanian, Tswana, Matlatzinca, etc. reflect similar patterns. Seemingly unpredictable commonalities between otherwise dissimilar languages call for closer inspection from the perspective of language typology. Moreover, place names differ from person names and common nouns not only in the case of zero-marking of spatial relations but there are further sectors of grammar in which evidence of Special Toponymic Grammar (STG) can be found such as the use of different prepositions for identical functions (German ich fahre nach Köln ‘I go to Cologne’ as opposed to ich fahre zu Dieter / zur Kirche ‘I go to Dieter’s / the church’). As yet, there is no comprehensive catalogue of STG phenomena. TYPTOP is intended to fill this gap. To this end, pertinent data are extracted from the descriptive grammars of 250 languages representing all macro-areas and 76 language families (including isolates) to build a first empirical data-base. More often than not, descriptive grammars tacitly pass over place names and their properties so that it is necessary to consult directly with language experts to complement the data collection. Native speakers of the sample languages are invited to comment upon the raw data as well as their analysis. The results of TYPTOP promise to impact the extant typological theories of word-class distinctions.

位置的历史，词源和内部结构构成了Onomastics研究领域的一部分。 Typtop Project-Team Team的成员进行了多种遗传和结构语言。哪些comon名词和/或人的名字可以用语法为yed。例如，如果限制涉及一个人的名字或一个普通名词，则必须表达出a the the the tiflamarrettøil belt''相比之下从语言类型的角度来看，像Aromanian，Tswana，Matlatzinca等不同的语言之间，不仅是在语法的空间关系的情况下，不仅是在语法的零标记中（STG）e发现，不同的介词用于相同的功能，而不是Iche Zu Dieter / Zur Kirche'我去Dieter's / The Church）这一目的是从250种语言的描述性语法中提取的所有宏观序列和76个语言家族d第一个经验数据基础。是必要的tin语言专家，因为原始数据作为ANT作为分析的结果。