Genetic assay and study of crop germplasm in and around China (3rd)

我国及周边作物种质遗传分析与研究（第三期）

基本信息

批准号：
15255011
负责人：
TAKEDA Kazuyoshi
金额：
$ 26.21万
依托单位：
OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15255011/
关键词：
crop genetic resources genetic diversity East Asia rice wheaqt barley soybean melon 遣伝的多様性

项目摘要

We organized a total of 22 expedition teams to China and the southward countries, and studied the evolution and diversity of important crops. The detail is summarized below.1.Wheat & Barley ; Field trip was conducted in the northern part of India (2003), and in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces of China (2004,2005), to observe the diversity in wheat and barley landraces in and around Himalayan range. Local landraces are still cultivated in most of the remote areas visited. In the southwestern part of China, different type of barley and wheat was cultivated depending on the altitude. In the areas above 3000m of altitude, spring barley and wheat were collected, and they seemed to relate with those cultivated in Tibet. On the contrary, in the areas below 3000m of altitude, barley and wheat are sown in autumn, and seemed to be different from those cultivated in Tibet.2.Rice ; Rice group has visited India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam to observe landraces, weedy strains, and wild rices a … More round China. We could compare resources to know their relationships and genetic variation. Based on the data, we have contacted with respective institutes governed each resources in each country to discuss about the future plans for those genetic resources.3.Soybean ; In order to determine an evolutionary relationship and dynamics of gene flow between wild and cultivated soybeans, flowering phenology and genetic structure were examined for populations in which both wild and cultivated soybeans were growing side by side. Neither the intermediate form, thought as a product of hybridization, nor the allele from the cultivar was observed in the wild population tested. However, a low but significant level of outcrossing was observed between wild plants. The field observation and molecular analysis with SSR markers suggest that the gene flow possibly occurs between wild and cultivated soybeans.4.Field trip was conducted in Myanmar (2003), the northeastern part of India (2004,2005), and in Yunnan Province of China (2005), to observe the diversity in Cucurbitaceae crop. Local landraces of melon with smooth skin are still cultivated in most of the remote areas visited. In the northeast India, three types of melon, that is, var.acidulous, var.momordica, and other type, are cultivated during rainy season. The last type was considered to relate with vars.makuwa and conomon, the traditional Japanese melon, based on the fruit morphology and seed length (< 9mm). This type was commonly found in Myanmar and Yunnan. Weedy melon (var.agrestis) was also collected in Myanmar. Less

我们共组织了22支考察队前往中国及南方国家，对重要农作物的演化和多样性进行了研究，具体情况总结如下： 1.在印度北部进行了小麦和大麦的实地考察（2003年）。以及中国云南省和贵州省（2004，2005），观察喜马拉雅山脉及其周边地区小麦和大麦地方品种的多样性。当地大部分地区仍在种植当地品种。在中国西南部的偏远地区，根据海拔的不同，种植了不同类型的大麦和小麦，在海拔3000m以上的地区，采集了春大麦和小麦，这似乎与西藏种植的大麦和小麦有关。相反，海拔3000m以下的地区，秋季播种大麦和小麦，似乎与西藏种植的有所不同。2、水稻组访问了印度、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨。和越南观察中国各地的地方品种、杂草品种和野生稻。我们可以比较资源以了解它们的关系和遗传变异。根据数据，我们与各国管理每种资源的机构进行了联系，并进行了讨论。 3.大豆；为了确定野生和栽培大豆之间的进化关系和基因流动态，对野生和栽培大豆生长的群体的开花物候和遗传结构进行了检查。在测试的野生群体中，既没有观察到被认为是杂交产物的中间形式，也没有观察到来自品种的等位基因。然而，在野生植物之间观察到了较低但显着水平的异交。 SSR标记分析表明野生大豆和栽培大豆之间可能存在基因流动。4.在缅甸(2003年)、印度东北部(2004、2005年)和云南省进行了实地考察中国 (2005) 观察了葫芦科作物的多样性，在印度东北部的大多数偏远地区仍然种植着三种类型的甜瓜，即 var.acidulous 和 var.s。根据果实形态和种子长度，最后一种类型被认为与传统的日本甜瓜 vars.makuwa 和 Conomon 有关。 (< 9mm)。这种类型常见于缅甸和云南。缅甸也有少量采集。