Study on the behavioral alteration of wild Japanese macaques.

野生日本猕猴行为改变的研究。

• 批准号: 04640607
• 负责人: WATANABE Kunio
• 金额: $ 0.83万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04640607/
• 关键词: Japanese macaques; Wakasa district; Kiso district; Distribution; Historical change; Conservation; Crop raiding; 若狭; 木曽

The recent expansion of distribution of wild Japanese macaques was studied in the Wakasa district of Fukui Prefecture and in the Kiso district of Nagano Prefecture. The results obtained are as follows ; 1)rapid expansion of the distribution of Japanese macaques occurred after 1970, 2)the macaques who was not afraid the presence of human beings increased, which might cause the approach to the villages and cultivated fields, 3)the possible factor influenced can be the decreasing labors in the local villages, especially those for agricultures and forest-ries, 4)the exclusion of macaques from the game animals after the second world war also accelerated the trend, 5)enrichment of the nutritious conditions by taking crops in the field may influenced on their higher birth ratios, 6)the large-scaled timbering which was done during 1950s to 1960s could induce the first-step movement of the macaques from the deep in mountainous areas to the near of human beings, 7)at present even the "country monkeys" do not fear human beings so much and some "urban monkeys" showed very familiar behaviors with them in the cultivated fields and/or near the villages, 8)such macaques may forage around the cultivated fields and became to have a very wider home range. These alteration of the behavior of wild Japanese macaques reflects the historical changes of Japanese society and it needs to establish a new relationships between wild animals and human beings in Japan.

最近在福井县若狭地区和长野县木曾地区对野生日本猕猴分布范围的扩大进行了研究。得到的结果如下； 1）1970年后日本猕猴分布范围迅速扩大，2）不畏惧人类存在的猕猴增加，这可能会导致接近村庄和耕地，3）可能影响的因素是当地村庄的劳动力减少，特别是农业和林业劳动力的减少，4）第二次世界大战后将猕猴排除在狩猎动物之外也加速了这一趋势，5）田间农作物的营养条件可能会影响其较高的出生率，6）1950年代至1960年代进行的大规模伐木可能导致猕猴从山区深处向近处迈出第一步7）目前，即使是“乡村猴子”也不再那么害怕人类，一些“城市猴子”在耕地和/或附近表现出与人类非常熟悉的行为村庄，8）这样的猕猴可以在耕地周围觅食，并且拥有更广泛的活动范围。野生日本猕猴行为的这些改变反映了日本社会的历史变迁，日本需要在野生动物和人类之间建立新的关系。