Genetic differentiation in three buckwheat(Fagopyrum) species with the distinct reproductive systems and the origin of cultivated buckwheat species

三种具有不同生殖系统的荞麦品种的遗传分化及栽培荞麦品种的起源

基本信息

批准号：
60480030
负责人：
OHNISHI Ohmi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60480030/
关键词：
Buckwheat Wild buckwheat Tatary buckwheat Isozymes Origin of cultivated plants Geographical distribution 遺伝資源

项目摘要

A world-wide survey of the distribution of three buckwheat(Fagopyrum) spcies was conducted and 148, 88 and 29 samples were collected in common buckwheat, tatary buckwheat and perennial buckwheat, respectively, from various parts of the world. Electrophoretic assay of allozyme variability and a comparative analysis of morphological traits on these samples led to the following remarks.(1) Cultivated populations of common buckwheatmaintain much more allozyme variability in a population than the average of other outcrossing plant species. The populations from southern China and eastern India had most variability; this area may be the center of variability. However, no crucial geographical differentiation of allozyme fequencies was detected; minor differentiations were found only at the margins of distribution, i.e. Kumaun and Kashmir in India and southern Europe. The observed uniformity of allozyme frequencies and morphological traitsmay be interpreted by large population sized and randomn … More ess of mating along with the sufficient gene flow between populations. The traces of the spreading processes of buckwheat cultivation could be seen in the geographical changes or losses of allozymes.(2) The samples of tatary buckwheat, the other cultivated bucukwheat species, from the Himalayan region, China and Europe were quite variable in morphology, yet they showed limitted differences in allozymes, in contradiction to our expectation of great variability between populations from the nature of self-pollination of this species. At present, no reasonable interpreation is available for this.(3) The perennial buckwheat samples from China were revealed to be diploid, while those distributed in Thailand, India and Nepal were tetraploid. The natural populations are predominantly reproduced vegetatively. However, the natural populations had as much allozyme variability as common buckwheat, indicating that seed reproduction plays an important role in maintenance of variability.Thus, the amount of allozyme and morphological variability was assessed for three buckwheat species, and the mechanisms that maintain those variability were partly understood. The variability-rich regions, the area where local differentiation took places, and the spreading processes of buckwheat cultivation have been clarified. Less

全世界对三个荞麦（Fagopyrum）Spcies的分布进行了一项调查，并分别从世界各地的普通荞麦，泡沫和多年生荞麦中收集了148、88和29个样品。对这些样品的同种酶变异性的电泳评估和形态特征的比较分析导致了以下评论。（1）与其他销售植物物种的平均值相比，人口中普通的荞麦增生的培养种群要多得多。来自中国南部和印度东部的人口的可变性最大。该区域可能是可变性的中心。然而，未检测到同化频率的关键地理分化。仅在分布边缘（即印度和南欧的库马恩和克什米尔）发现了较小的区别。观察到的同酶频率和形态性状的均匀性被大型人群和随机性解释……更多的交配论文以及人群之间的足够基因流量。在同种酶的地理变化或损失中，可以看到荞麦种植的传播过程的痕迹。（2）（2）在喜马拉雅地区，中国和欧洲，乳头荞麦的样本，其他耕种的bucukwheat物种在我们的自我范围内差异很大，但在我们的自我范围内，它们在自我差异方面表现出了有限的差异。目前，尚无合理的解释。（3）来自中国的多年生荞麦样本被揭示为二倍体，而在泰国，印度和尼泊尔分布的荞麦样本是四倍体的。自然种群主要是营养的。然而，自然种群具有与常见的荞麦一样多的同酶变异性，表明种子繁殖在维持变异性中起着重要作用。因此，评估了三种荞麦物种的同酶变异和形态变异性的数量，并且部分理解了维持这些变异性的机制。可变性的区域，当地分化的区域占地以及荞麦种植的扩散过程。较少的