COMPARATIVE STUDY ON LEGAL PROBLEMS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE

精神卫生保健法律问题比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
05620035
负责人：
MARUYAMA Eiji
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
KOBE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05620035/
关键词：
informed consent competency to consent Taasoff dicision suicide mental health care 治療拒否

项目摘要

1.I studied the problems of informed consent, with the focus placed on competency to consent, in the field of mental health care, using the materials of the United States and Canada. Based upon the result of the research on the foreign law, I made theoretical studies and practical proposals regarding what should be considered and practiced as a matter of informed consent. During the process, I considered, in addition to competency, the topics of voluntariness, exceptions to the requirement of disclosure and consent, consent to the admission to mental hospitals, and consent to treatment. In exploring the consent to treatment problems, focus was placed on the refusal of medications by inpatients of mental hospitals and the administration of medications without the patient's awareness.2.I studies the problems of civil liability of the mental health professionals and institutions relating to the provision of the mental health care.(1)I studied the developments in the American case law with respect to the duty to protect the third parties from the risk of injury by the mental patient (chiefly outpatient). I analyzed the seminal case of Tarasoff v.Regents of University of California (1976) and the cases thereafter. I pointed out the wide variety of the holdings regarding such requirements as identifiability of the potential victims and specificity of the threatened attack. I also summarized the legislative actions to restrain the liability of medical profession.(2)I studies the liability problems in the case of suicide of mental patients. I found similarities between the American and Japanese law with respect to the considerations to be taken into account in deciding the liability. On the other hand, such factors as the existence and nonexistence of the jury make differences in the actual resolution of the cases.

1.我使用美国和加拿大的材料研究了精神卫生保健领域的知情同意问题，重点是同意的能力。基于对外国法的研究结果，我就知情同意应如何考虑和实践提出了理论研究和实践建议。在此过程中，除了能力之外，我还考虑了自愿性、披露和同意要求的例外情况、同意入住精神病院以及同意治疗等主题。在探讨同意治疗问题时，重点关注精神病院住院患者拒绝用药和在患者不知情的情况下给药的问题。2、研究精神卫生专业人员和机构与精神病院相关的民事责任问题。 (1)我研究了美国判例法中关于保护第三方免受精神病人（主要是门诊病人）伤害风险的义务的发展。我分析了塔拉索夫诉加利福尼亚大学董事会案（1976 年）及其后的案件。我指出了对于潜在受害者的可识别性和威胁攻击的具体性等要求的不同看法。并对限制医学界责任的立法行为进行了总结。(2)对精神病人自杀案件中的责任问题进行了研究。我发现美国和日本法律在确定责任时要考虑的因素方面有相似之处。另一方面，陪审团的存在与否等因素也会对案件的实际解决产生影响。