Trans-European ash plumes from the largest explosive volcanic eruptions: A tephra record from the East European Plain

最大的火山喷发产生的横贯欧洲的火山灰羽流：来自东欧平原的火山灰记录

• 批准号: 429662378
• 负责人: Dr. Carl-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Russian Foundation for Basic Research
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/429662378?language=en
• 关键词: Trans; European; ash; plumes; largest

One of the prerequisites of predicting future giant eruptions is the understanding of sizes and recurrence times of past similar events. The size of known explosive eruptions, however, is often poorly constrained as the majority of estimates are based solely on proximal deposits and do not consider voluminous veils of distal ash. Many ash plumes were dispersed by prevailing westerly winds towards the East European plain where tephra findings are ubiquitous and often associated with archaeological layers. In spite of importance of these tephra findings for the paleovolcanological, paleoclimate and archaeological research, those have never been studied with modern analytical tools. Tephra from only one locality, a cluster of Paleolithic sites of Kostenki-Borschevo (Middle Don River, Russia), was geochemically characterized and linked to the famous ~40 ka Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (Italy). About a hundred of other tephra sites dispersed in south Russian steppe from Penza and Tambov cities in the north to the Caucasus Mountains in the south remain unidentified and undated. Most of the tephras occur in tens of meters thick loess sequences, while a few tephras were found also in caves in the course of archaeological excavations. These tephras are likely derived from Mediterranean, Carpathian, Turkish, North Iranian and Caucasian eruptions and - once geochemically analyzed - could inform about earlier unknown volcanic events, their magnitudes and compositions of parent magma. In addition, geochemically fingerprinted and dated tephra layers provide an excellent tool for precise correlation and dating of disparate paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives. We propose a collaborative regional study of visible tephra layers in south Russia, which will include field work for tephra and sediments sampling, characterization of paleogeographic and paleoenviromental conditions of tephra deposition, and subsequent geochemical analysis (EMPA, LA-ICP-MS, TIMS) and dating (Ar-Ar, U/Pb, (U-Th)/He) of the tephras. The project team includes volcanologists and geochemists from Germany and Russia who have extensive experience in cooperative tephra studies, as well as young Russian paleogeographers and geomorphologists with an expertise in paleoenvironmental research in south Russia. We believe that joint efforts will permit us to (i) decipher a long-anticipated tephra record from southern Russia, (ii) delineate distribution of tephras from different sources, and (iii) estimate the ages and magnitudes of parent eruptions. The identified tephra layers will be integrated into the European tephra framework and contribute to the integration of the Russian paleoenvironmental data into the all-European context.

预测未来巨型喷发的先决条件之一是对过去类似事件的大小和复发时间的理解。然而，由于大多数估计仅基于近端沉积物，并且不考虑远端灰的大量面纱，因此已知的爆炸爆发的大小通常受到限制。许多烟灰是通过向东欧平原上盛行的西欧平原散布的，那里的发现无处不在，并且经常与考古层有关。尽管这些Tephra发现对古伏仪，古气候和考古研究的重要性很重要，但这些发现从未使用现代分析工具进行了研究。 Tephra仅来自一个地区，是Kostenki-Borschevo（俄罗斯中部唐河）的一群古石器时代的地点，与著名的〜40 ka Campanian Ignimbrite爆发（意大利）相关。从彭扎（Penza）和北部的坦博夫（Tambov）城市到南部的高加索山脉（Coucasus Mountains）的南部俄罗斯草原（South Russian Steppe）散布在南部俄罗斯南部的大约一百个tephra遗址，尚未确定和未注明日期。大多数tephras出现在数十米厚的黄土序列中，而考古发掘过程中也发现了一些山毛te虫。这些Tephras很可能源自地中海，喀尔巴阡山脉，土耳其语，北伊朗和高加索爆发，一旦进行地球化学分析，就可以告知早期未知的火山事件，它们的父母Magma的大幅度和成分。此外，地球化指纹和日期的Tephra层为精确相关性和约会的不同古环境和考古档案提供了出色的工具。我们提出了一项对南部俄罗斯可见tephra层的协作区域研究，其中包括针对Tephra和沉积物采样的现场工作，Tephra沉积的古地理和古细胞状况的表征以及随后的地球化学分析（EMPA，LA-ICP-MS，时间，时间）和约会（tephras的ar-ar，u/pb，（u-th）/he）。该项目团队包括来自德国和俄罗斯的火山学家和地球化学家，他们在合作社研究方面拥有丰富的经验，以及年轻的俄罗斯古地理学家和地貌学家，在俄罗斯南部的古环境研究方面具有专业知识。我们认为，联合努力将使我们能够（i）解密俄罗斯南部的长期以来的泰弗拉（Tephra）记录，（ii）从不同来源划定了tephras的分布，并且（iii）估计了父母喷发的年龄和大幅度。确定的Tephra层将集成到欧洲Tephra框架中，并有助于将俄罗斯古环境数据整合到全欧洲环境中。