Coral reefs on the tin island of Belitung: ‘reefs of hope’ threatened by pollution and runoff (TINBELT)

勿里洞锡岛上的珊瑚礁：“希望之礁”受到污染和径流的威胁 (TINBELT)

• 批准号: 468545728
• 负责人: Dr. Carl-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Paläontologie - Historische Geologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/468545728?language=en
• 关键词: Coral; reefs; tin; island; Belitung

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic nation in the world and harbors approximately 18 percent of the world’s coral reefs. Human dependence on coral reef ecosystem services is highest in the world. However, Indonesia is a rapidly developing country and reefs are impacted by land-based pollution which affects the diversity and coral cover of its coral reefs. In addition, Indonesia’s coral reefs are threatened by the global rise in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) driven by the anthropogenic rise in atmospheric CO2. Anomalously high SSTs cause thermal stress events leading to coral bleaching and mortality with increasing frequency in the near future. One of the greatest scientific uncertainties concerning the decline of coral reefs is how local human impacts, such as coastal pollution, interact with global climate change. The conventional view is that pristine coral reefs are more robust to coral bleaching. However, this has been challenged recently based on the observation that coastal pollution favors corals that are also more robust to elevated water temperatures. Belitung Island (Indonesia) is an ideal site to test these two hypotheses. The island is part of the SE Asian tin belt, and tin has been mined since the 1860s. Coastal runoff and pollution has affected Belitung’s coral reefs over long periods of time. Near-shore coral reefs grow in turbid water and are dominated by large, dome-shaped Porites corals, which are more robust to runoff, pollution and thermal stress than branching corals. TINBELT aims to (I) monitor coral cover and seawater chemistry along near-shore to fore-reef transects at two sites impacted by mining activities; (II) use long-lived Porites corals to monitor water quality in inshore and outer reef settings over time (river runoff: Ba/Ca; inorganic geochemistry: mining activities); (III) reconstruct the accelerated rise of SSTs since 1970 at the reef-scale using coral Sr/Ca ratios and (IV) investigate the corals response to recent thermal stress events using CT images and trace element signatures. Historical and Holocene coral samples are used to establish baselines of natural variability. Part of the project will be dedicated to the development of analytical protocols for the novel LA-ICP-OES and the LASS-ICP-OES/ICP-MS in split-stream mode, which should significantly advance studies on pollution and temperature-related stress in coral reefs. TINBELT addresses a major goal the SPP 2299 (Topic B): How do large-scale stressors such as rising temperatures and ocean acidification interact with local stressors (river runoff, nutrient loads, pollution) over time?

印度尼西亚是世界上最大的档案馆国家，拥有大约18％的世界珊瑚礁。人类对珊瑚礁生态系统服务的依赖是世界上最高的。但是，印度尼西亚是一个迅速发展的国家，珊瑚礁受到陆基污染的影响，这会影响其珊瑚礁的多样性和珊瑚覆盖。此外，印度尼西亚的珊瑚礁受到大气二氧化碳驱动的全球海面温度（SST）升高（SST）的威胁。异常高的SST会导致热应力事件导致珊瑚漂白和死亡率，并在不久的将来随着频率的增加。关于珊瑚礁衰落的最大科学不确定性之一是当地人类影响（例如沿海污染）如何与全球气候变化相互作用。传统的观点是，原始的珊瑚礁对珊瑚漂白更为强大。但是，由于沿海污染有利于水温升高的珊瑚有利于珊瑚，这是最近受到挑战的。贝利通岛（印度尼西亚）是检验这两个假设的理想场所。该岛是东南亚锡带的一部分，自1860年代以来就已经开采了锡。沿海径流和污染影响了贝利通的珊瑚礁。近岸的珊瑚礁在浑浊的水中生长，并以大型圆顶形的孔雀珊瑚为主，与分支珊瑚相比，圆锥形的珊瑚更适合径流，污染和热应力。 Tinbelt的目的是（i）在近岸监测珊瑚覆盖物和海水化学，以在受采矿活动影响的两个地点处进行前彼此的样品； （ii）随着时间的推移，使用长寿命的孔雀珊瑚来监测近海和外礁环境中的水质（河流径流：BA/CA；无机地球化学：采矿活动）； （iii）自1970年以来，使用珊瑚色SR/CA比率重建了SST自1970年以来的加速升高，并（IV）研究了使用CT图像和痕量元件特征来研究珊瑚对最近热应激事件的响应。历史和全新世珊瑚样品用于建立自然变异性的基准。该项目的一部分将致力于开发新型LA-ICP-OE和以分裂流模式的LASS-ICP-OES/ICP-MS的分析方案的开发，这应该显着提高有关珊瑚礁中污染和与温度相关的应激的研究。 Tinbelt解决了主要目标2299（主题B）：随着时间的推移，温度升高和海洋酸化等大型压力如何与局部压力（河流径流，营养负荷，污染）相互作用？