Organizing the early spider embryo – Molecular and morphogenetic analysis of body axes formation in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

组织早期蜘蛛胚胎 â 蜘蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum 体轴形成的分子和形态发生分析

• 批准号: 422268363
• 负责人: Dr. Matthias Pechmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/422268363?language=en
• 关键词: Organizing; early; spider; embryo; Molecular

The second most species rich group of animals on this planet are the chelicerates, which include horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids (e.g. spiders and scorpions). In chelicerates, the first body axis to be established is the anteroposterior axis. This process leads to the formation of a disc shaped embryo, termed the germ disc. Following this event, the dorsoventral body axis is established by a specialized group of cells, termed the cumulus, which functions as an organizing centre to break the radial symmetry of the germ disc. As has been shown with vertebrate organizers (such as the Spemann organizer in frogs), transplantation of the cumulus in chelicerate embryos can induce a secondary axis. Furthermore, both the vertebrate organizer and the chelicerate cumulus act via the same signalling pathway (namely BMP signalling). Axis patterning has been most extensively studied in the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, which is the best-established chelicerate model system for studying embryonic development. However, several important questions still remain open. First, what is the signal that establishes the anterior-posterior body axis of spider embryos? Second, how and when is the cumulus forming? Finally, which molecular factors are involved in this process? We will study the molecular and morphogenetic processes underlying axis determination and cumulus establishment in P. tepidariorum using various cell labelling techniques, live imaging, next generation sequencing, gene knockdown and gene overexpression experiments. The results of this proposal will help to better understand and compare axis determination and morphogenesis in animals.

这个星球上物种第二丰富的动物群是螯类动物，其中包括鲎、海蜘蛛和蛛形纲动物（例如蜘蛛和蝎子）。在螯动物中，要建立的第一个身体轴是前后轴。这个过程导致盘状胚胎的形成，称为胚盘。在此事件之后，背腹体轴由一组称为卵丘的特殊细胞建立，其作为组织中心来打破胚盘的径向对称性。正如脊椎动物组织者（例如青蛙中的斯佩曼组织者）所显示的那样，在螯状胚胎中移植卵丘可以诱导第二轴。此外，脊椎动物组织者和螯卵丘都通过相同的信号传导途径（即 BMP 信号传导）发挥作用。轴模式在普通家蜘蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum 中得到了最广泛的研究，它是研究胚胎发育的最完善的螯合物模型系统。然而，几个重要的问题仍然悬而未决。首先，建立蜘蛛胚胎前后体轴的信号是什么？其次，积云是如何以及何时形成的？最后，这个过程涉及哪些分子因素？我们将利用各种细胞标记技术、实时成像、下一代测序、基因敲低和基因过表达实验，研究 P. tepidariorum 轴确定和积云建立的分子和形态发生过程。该提案的结果将有助于更好地理解和比较动物的轴确定和形态发生。