The analysis of body axis formation in the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

普通家蜘蛛Parasteatoda tepidariorum体轴形成分析

基本信息

批准号：
226588632
负责人：
Dr. Matthias Pechmann
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2011-12-31 至 2017-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/226588632?language=en
关键词：
analysis body axis formation common

项目摘要

Setting up the dorsoventral and the anteroposterior body axes is a fundamental process during the embryonic development of all bilaterian animals. In spider embryos, a cellular structure called the cumulus is the main organizer of the embryonic axes. While other arthropods do not have such a structure, the cumulus is remarkably similar to the organizer that specifies the axes of amphibian embryos (Spemann organizer). Both organizers function via BMP signalling, and are able to induce a secondary body axis in the respective embryos. The function of the cumulus has been best studied in the common-house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. It is known that the cumulus acts as a source of BMP signalling required to specify the dorsoventral body axis of the spider embryo. The cumulus arises in the center of the radially-symmetric germ-disc and migrates to its periphery. Through this migration the cumulus breaks the radial symmetry of the germ-disc. However, the molecular basis of germ-disc formation, cumulus specification and dpp activation in the cells of the cumulus are completely unknown. In the initial research proposal, I analysed germ-disc formation via embryonic injection of cytoskeleton and RNA polymerase inhibitors, and via parental RNA interference with candidate genes of the Toll- and the EGF-signalling pathways as well as many other candidate transcription factors. While I could show that germ-disc formation requires the actin (but not the tubulin) cytoskeleton and zygotic transcription, the candidate gene approach did not result in germ-disc or axial patterning phenotypes. Therefore, the new approach of the renewal proposal is based on genes that have been selected from new transcriptome data. A pilot RNAi screen with ten new candidate genes already resulted in two striking dorsoventral patterning phenotypes and one gap-gene like phenotype. These results demonstrate that the selection of the new candidate genes is accurate, and that this is an excellent approach for identifying the genes most important for spider axis determination. The dorsoventral phenotypes are especially interesting, as one of the genes is a completely novel regulator of cumulus migration, and the other gene may be upstream of BMP signalling (something that has never been described before). Given these exciting preliminary results, a functional screen of the remaining genes from the transcriptome data will likely yield many more interesting and novel phenotypes.

建立背腹轴和前后体轴是所有两侧对称动物胚胎发育过程中的一个基本过程。在蜘蛛胚胎中，一种称为卵丘的细胞结构是胚胎轴的主要组织者。虽然其他节肢动物没有这样的结构，但积云与指定两栖动物胚胎轴的组织者（斯佩曼组织者）非常相似。两个组织者都通过 BMP 信号传导发挥作用，并且能够在各自的胚胎中诱导次级身体轴。积云的功能在普通蜘蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum 中得到了最好的研究。众所周知，积云是指定蜘蛛胚胎背腹体轴所需的 BMP 信号源。积云出现在径向对称胚盘的中心并迁移到其外围。通过这种迁移，积云打破了胚盘的径向对称性。然而，胚盘形成、卵丘规格和卵丘细胞中 dpp 激活的分子基础完全未知。在最初的研究计划中，我通过胚胎注射细胞骨架和 RNA 聚合酶抑制剂，并通过亲本 RNA 干扰 Toll 和 EGF 信号通路的候选基因以及许多其他候选转录因子，分析了胚盘的形成。虽然我可以证明胚盘的形成需要肌动蛋白（但不是微管蛋白）细胞骨架和合子转录，但候选基因方法并没有产生胚盘或轴向模式表型。因此，更新提案的新方法是基于从新的转录组数据中选择的基因。对 10 个新候选基因进行的初步 RNAi 筛选已经产生了两种引人注目的背腹模式表型和一种间隙基因样表型。这些结果表明，新候选基因的选择是准确的，并且这是识别对蜘蛛轴确定最重要的基因的极好方法。背腹表型特别有趣，因为其中一个基因是卵丘迁移的全新调节因子，而另一个基因可能位于 BMP 信号传导的上游（以前从未被描述过）。鉴于这些令人兴奋的初步结果，从转录组数据中对剩余基因进行功能筛选可能会产生更多有趣和新颖的表型。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Toll Genes Have an Ancestral Role in Axis Elongation

Toll 基因在轴伸长中发挥着祖先的作用

DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.055
发表时间：
2016-06-20
期刊：
Current Biology
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Matthew A. Benton;Matthias Pechmann;Nadine Frey;Dominik Stappert;Kai H. Conrads;Yen;Evangelia Stamataki;A. Pavlopoulos;S. Roth
通讯作者：
S. Roth

Molecular control of gut formation in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

蜘蛛 Parasteatoda tepidariorum 肠道形成的分子控制