The EUREKA Project. The Oscillation of the Politics of European Research and Technology between Cooperation and Competition (c1980-1992)

尤里卡项目。

• 批准号: 388718494
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Andreas Wirsching
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Zeitgeschichte (IfZ)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/388718494?language=en
• 关键词: EUREKA; Project.; Oscillation; Politics; European

'After the Boom' (Doering-Manteuffel/Raphael) and during the Economic Crisis that lasted from 1979 to the mid-1980s a prolonged sense of foreboding prevailed amongst the members of the European Community. Part of their perception of crisis arose from an acute feeling that they were falling technologically behind the traditional US-American predominance and the dynamic challenge coming from Japan. Key importance was given to the technological factor in discussions of intensified global competition. The American Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) announced in 1983 underlined the need for action. At heart, this was far more a political backing for research than it was a military-political instrument. In its wake, intendedly cooperative transnational structures were created and, after an overarching supporting programme was adopted in 1984, European research promotions obtained an institutional framework held in a tension between the opposite poles of cooperation and competition.With this as the background, the EUREKA Programme is the subject of this part of the project. Through newly accessible, declassified sources, research into it is here put onto a new basis. Its birth, its way of functioning and the effects it had are all investigated through exploration of the actors involved, their activities at several different levels woven together in the telling. Following discussion of the political actors in an international context, an enquiry is made into those involved in practical application: research institutes, commercial enterprises, and wherever possible individual scientists who competed in applications for funding and carried out new research within the remit of the Programme. The subproject investigates how certain cooperative and competitive structures became firmly established, and how these became the guiding models for the various actors in the EUREKA projects. With this investigation, the study makes a substantial contribution to the history of intergovernmental cooperation in Europe and also to the developments that have resulted in present-day European research politics. Concrete fields of enquiry are to be found in the Life Sciences, laser technology and the initial research on the self-propelled car. In this way, the phenomenon of European technological cooperation and its offshoot, the production of practical know-how, are analysed and put into historical context within the competitive political and economic power relations of the time.

“在繁荣之后”（Doering-Manteuffel/Raphael），在1979年至1980年代中期持续的经济危机中，欧洲人共同体的成员占据了长期的预感。他们对危机的看法的一部分是由于一种敏锐的感觉，即他们在技术上落后于传统的美国占主导地位和来自日本的动态挑战。在讨论加强全球竞争的讨论中，至关重要。美国战略国防倡议（SDI）于1983年宣布，强调了采取行动的需求。从本质上讲，这是研究的政治支持，而不是一种军事政治工具。在其之后，创建了打算合作的跨国结构，在1984年通过了总体支持计划之后，欧洲研究促销获得了在合作和竞争相反的势力之间存在的机构框架。在背景中，Eureka计划是该项目的这一部分的主题。通过新的可访问，解密的来源，对其进行研究的研究是在新的基础上进行的。它的诞生，功能方式及其效果都通过探索所涉及的参与者，他们在几个不同层次的活动中进行了研究。在国际背景下对政治行为者进行了讨论之后，对参与实际应用的人进行了询问：研究机构，商业企业以及可能在计划中竞争资金并在该计划中进行新的研究的个人科学家。该副本研究了某些合作和竞争性结构如何牢固地建立，以及这些结构如何成为尤里卡项目中各个参与者的指导模型。通过这项调查，该研究为欧洲政府间合作的历史以及导致当今欧洲研究政治的发展做出了重大贡献。在生命科学，激光技术和对自行车的汽车的最初研究中，可以找到混凝土探究领域。通过这种方式，将欧洲技术合作及其分支的现象分析并纳入了当时竞争性的政治和经济权力关系中的历史背景。