Land-use intensity effects on soil methane cycling microbes in grassland and forest soils

土地利用强度对草地和森林土壤甲烷循环微生物的影响

• 批准号: 325154619
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Steffen Kolb
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Bodenbiologie (310b)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/325154619?language=en
• 关键词: Land; use; intensity; effects; soil

Methane (CH4) is, beside CO2 the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG). Current atmospheric methane concentrations are strongly increasing since 2007, which is assumed to be predominantly of anthropogenic origin and likely related to intensified agriculture for food production. Thus, one major challenge for today´s agriculture is to adjust land-use intensity to ensure productive and at the same time sustainable crop farming systems to balance GHG emissions and increasing food demands of a growing world population.Two fundamentally different groups of prokaryotes are crucial for CH4 cycling in soils. Methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) act as biological CH4 filter by oxidizing atmospheric CH4 and that CH4, which is produced by methanogenic archaea before it reaches the atmosphere. It is currently unclear how differences in land-use intensity control the functional diversity and activity of these key microorganisms in the soil methane cycle. Preliminary data indicate that high land-use intensity in well aerated grassland soils negatively impacts methane oxidation. However, almost nothing is known about the influence of land-use intensity on spatial and temporal dynamics of methanotrophs and methanogens. We have therefore assembled an interdisciplinary consortium of experts from soil science, microbiology and metagenomics with well-documented background and complementary expertise in soil GHG emissions, methanotrophic and methanogenic prokaryotes. Using a unique combination of state-of-the-art approaches, we will use the ideal setting of the Biodiversity Exploratories as platform to address pressing questions about the effect of land-use intensity on the functional diversity and activity of these key microorganisms in the soil methane cycle.We have laid out a set of objectives and hypotheses that will be tested in two work packages (WP). WP1 focusses on the responses of MOB and mediated methane fluxes to land-use intensity in 300 grassland and forest soils, where the relationship between methane oxidation and abundance and diversity of methanotrophic bacteria and environmental properties will be studied by methane flux measurements and qualitative and quantitative PCR, respectively. In WP2 we will focus on the seasonal and diurnal dynamics in the activity of methanogenic and methanotrophic prokaryotes (using metatranscriptome and methane flux data) and to which extent the dynamics are influenced by grassland land-use intensity. We will focus on comparison between grasslands on water affected Histosols and well-aerated Leptosols.Our project BE_CH4 will contribute urgently needed knowledge on the influence of grassland and forest land-use intensity on spatial and temporal dynamics of methane cycling microbes that ultimately control methane fluxes in soils.

甲烷 (CH4) 是除 CO2 之外的第二大温室气体 (GHG)，目前大气中的甲烷浓度自 2007 年以来急剧增加，其主要来源是人为，可能与集约化农业生产有关。当今农业面临的主要挑战是调整土地利用强度，以确保高效且可持续的作物耕作系统，以平衡温室气体排放和不断增长的世界人口日益增长的粮食需求。两个根本不同的原核生物群体对于农业生产至关重要。土壤中的甲烷氧化细菌（MOB）通过氧化大气中的甲烷和产甲烷古菌在到达大气之前产生的甲烷来充当生物甲烷过滤器，目前尚不清楚土地利用强度的差异如何控制功能多样性。土壤甲烷循环中这些关键微生物的活性和活性 初步数据表明，通气良好的草地土壤的高土地利用强度会对甲烷氧化产生负面影响。关于土地利用强度对甲烷氧化菌和产甲烷菌的时空动态的影响几乎一无所知，因此我们组建了一个由土壤科学、微生物学和宏基因组学专家组成的跨学科联盟，他们在土壤温室气体排放方面拥有详细的背景和互补的专业知识。通过将最先进的方法独特地结合起来，我们将利用生物多样性探索中心的理想环境作为解决紧迫问题的平台。关于土地利用强度对土壤甲烷循环中这些关键微生物的功能多样性和活性的影响。我们提出了一系列目标和假设，将在两个工作包（WP）中进行测试，重点关注在300个草地和森林土壤中，MOB和介导的甲烷通量对土地利用强度的响应，其中甲烷氧化与甲烷氧化细菌的丰度和多样性以及环境特性之间的关系将通过在 WP2 中，我们将分别关注产甲烷和甲烷营养原核生物定量活动的季节性和昼夜动态（使用宏转录组和甲烷通量数据），以及动态受草地影响的程度。我们将重点比较受水影响的组织土和通气良好的细土的草地。我们的项目 BE_CH4 将提供有关草地影响的急需知识。森林土地利用强度对最终控制土壤中甲烷通量的甲烷循环微生物的时空动态的影响。