Land-use intensity effects on soil methane cycling microbes in grassland and forest soils

土地利用强度对草地和森林土壤甲烷循环微生物的影响

• 批准号: 325154619
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Steffen Kolb
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Bodenbiologie (310b)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/325154619?language=en
• 关键词: Land; use; intensity; effects; soil

Methane (CH4) is, beside CO2 the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG). Current atmospheric methane concentrations are strongly increasing since 2007, which is assumed to be predominantly of anthropogenic origin and likely related to intensified agriculture for food production. Thus, one major challenge for today´s agriculture is to adjust land-use intensity to ensure productive and at the same time sustainable crop farming systems to balance GHG emissions and increasing food demands of a growing world population.Two fundamentally different groups of prokaryotes are crucial for CH4 cycling in soils. Methanotrophic bacteria (MOB) act as biological CH4 filter by oxidizing atmospheric CH4 and that CH4, which is produced by methanogenic archaea before it reaches the atmosphere. It is currently unclear how differences in land-use intensity control the functional diversity and activity of these key microorganisms in the soil methane cycle. Preliminary data indicate that high land-use intensity in well aerated grassland soils negatively impacts methane oxidation. However, almost nothing is known about the influence of land-use intensity on spatial and temporal dynamics of methanotrophs and methanogens. We have therefore assembled an interdisciplinary consortium of experts from soil science, microbiology and metagenomics with well-documented background and complementary expertise in soil GHG emissions, methanotrophic and methanogenic prokaryotes. Using a unique combination of state-of-the-art approaches, we will use the ideal setting of the Biodiversity Exploratories as platform to address pressing questions about the effect of land-use intensity on the functional diversity and activity of these key microorganisms in the soil methane cycle.We have laid out a set of objectives and hypotheses that will be tested in two work packages (WP). WP1 focusses on the responses of MOB and mediated methane fluxes to land-use intensity in 300 grassland and forest soils, where the relationship between methane oxidation and abundance and diversity of methanotrophic bacteria and environmental properties will be studied by methane flux measurements and qualitative and quantitative PCR, respectively. In WP2 we will focus on the seasonal and diurnal dynamics in the activity of methanogenic and methanotrophic prokaryotes (using metatranscriptome and methane flux data) and to which extent the dynamics are influenced by grassland land-use intensity. We will focus on comparison between grasslands on water affected Histosols and well-aerated Leptosols.Our project BE_CH4 will contribute urgently needed knowledge on the influence of grassland and forest land-use intensity on spatial and temporal dynamics of methane cycling microbes that ultimately control methane fluxes in soils.

甲烷（CH4）是第二大重要温室气（GHG）的二氧化碳旁边。自2007年以来，当前大气中的甲烷浓度正在大大增加，这被认为主要是人为起源，并且可能与粮食生产的强大农业有关。这是当今农业的一个主要挑战是调整土地利用强度，以确保可持续的农作物耕作系统的生产力，以平衡温室气体排放和增加的世界人口的粮食需求，从根本上讲，基本上不同的原核生物对于土壤中的CH4循环至关重要。甲烷营养细菌（BOB）通过氧化大气CH4和CH4起过滤起来，该CH4是由甲烷古细菌在达到大气之前生产的。目前尚不清楚土地使用强度的差异如何控制土壤甲烷周期中这些关键微生物的功能多样性和活性。初步数据表明，充气良好的草原土壤中的高土地使用强度对氧化甲烷产生负面影响。但是，对于土地利用强度对甲烷营养和甲烷剂的空间和临时动力学的影响，几乎一无所知。因此，我们已经组建了一个来自土壤科学，微生物学和宏基因组学专家的跨学科财团，具有据可记录的背景，并在土壤GHG排放，甲烷营养性和甲烷性原核生物方面具有完整的专业知识。使用最先进的方法的独特组合，我们将利用生物多样性探索者的理想设置作为平台，以解决有关土地使用强度对土壤甲烷周期中这些关键微生物功能多样性和活动的影响的紧迫问题，我们已经在两种工作中进行了一组对目标和假设进行测试。 WP1的重点是在300个草原和森林土壤中暴民和介导的甲烷通量对土地利用强度的反应，在这里分别通过甲烷通量测量以及定性和定性PCR研究甲烷氧化与抽象以及甲烷营养细菌的多样性与多样性之间的关系。在WP2中，我们将重点关注甲烷和甲烷营养性原核生物活性的季节性和昼夜动态（使用元文字和甲烷通量数据），并在其上受到草地土地利用强度影响的程度。我们将重点介绍草原对受影响的组织溶胶的比较和良好的瘦肉。