NSF-BSF: The Evolution of Hydrodynamics, Mechanics, & Prey Capture in the Feeding of Misfit Fish

NSF-BSF：流体动力学、力学、

• 批准号: 2326484
• 负责人: Matthew McHenry
• 金额: $ 61.72万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2026-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2326484&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; BSF; Evolution; Hydrodynamics; Mechanics

A major pursuit in biology is understanding how the evolution of an animal’s anatomy affects how it performs in the natural world. Fish predators are of particular interest due to their fascinating diversity, including an ability to capture a wide variety of prey. The goal of the proposed work is to understand how evolutionary change in the jaws and skull of fish affect how they operate mechanically and how those mechanical changes affect the ability to capture prey. Using experiments and mathematical modeling, we will focus our investigation on a group known as misfit fish, which includes seahorses and pipefishes. This group includes the fastest predatory strikes known among fish species and these rapid motions are associated with a relatively high pace of evolutionary change. This work will offer key insights into how mechanics and performance shape the evolution of animals. In addition, the proposal will feature initiatives in graduate training. This includes a pair of online workshops in how to visualize the flow generated by animals and a seminar series that features presentations of work by trainees. The work will additionally support the training of undergraduates from under-represented groups through institutional partnerships.This research will be organized around the following aims: (1) identify the evolutionary patterns of mechanical performance, (2) understand the musculoskeletal basis of mechanical performance, and (3) test how mechanical performance affects capture performance. These aims will be addressed through experimentation that will provide the basis of a mathematical model for the mechanics of feeding and an agent-based model for the behavior of predator-prey interactions. These models will serve as the means for analyzing performance landscapes of mechanical and capture performance. The performance landscapes will allow for a consideration of how innovation in the morphology of living and extinct species yields performance benefits, energetic costs, and functional trade-offs. The proposed research provides an exceptional opportunity to understand how evolution acts on species across levels of organization. We will establish a predictive understanding for how morphology generates the motion of a predatory strike and how that motion affects prey capture in a group of related species. This understanding will be achieved through mathematical modeling that is parameterized and verified by experimental results at each level of organization. This approach offers a novel intellectual framework for the study of evolutionary biomechanics that could be applied to a wide variety of biological systems among a diversity of animals.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生物学的一个主要目标是了解动物的解剖结构的进化如何影响其在自然世界中的表现，鱼类捕食者因其令人着迷的多样性（包括捕获多种猎物的能力）而受到特别关注。拟议的工作是了解鱼类下颌和头骨的进化变化如何影响它们的机械运作方式，以及这些机械变化如何影响捕获猎物的能力，我们将通过实验和数学模型将我们的研究重点放在一种被称为“不适应的鱼”的群体上。 ，其中包括海马和该群体包括鱼类中已知的最快的掠食性攻击，并且这些快速运动与相对较高的进化变化速度有关。此外，该提案还将提供有关机制和性能如何影响动物进化的重要见解。将以研究生培训为特色，其中包括两个关于如何可视化动物产生的流动的在线研讨会和一个以受训者作品展示为特色的研讨会系列。这项工作还将通过以下方式支持来自代表性不足群体的本科生的培训。机构伙伴关系。这项研究将组织围绕以下目标：(1) 确定机械性能的进化模式，(2) 了解机械性能的肌肉骨骼基础，以及 (3) 测试机械性能如何影响捕捉性能。喂养机制的数学模型和捕食者-猎物相互作用行为的基于代理的模型的基础，这些模型将作为分析机械和捕获性能的性能景观的手段。居住形态的创新和灭绝的物种产生性能效益、能量成本和功能权衡。拟议的研究提供了一个绝佳的机会来了解预测进化如何在组织层面上对物种产生影响。这种运动如何影响一组相关物种的猎物捕获将通过数学模型来实现，该数学模型通过组织各个级别的实验结果进行参数化和验证，为进化生物力学的研究提供了一个新颖的知识框架。可以应用于各种各样的该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。