Ferroalloys and Stainless Steels with Low Carbon Footprint via Hydrogen Reduction of Oxide Blends

通过氧化物混合物的氢还原实现低碳足迹的铁合金和不锈钢

• 批准号: 2317002
• 负责人: David Dunand
• 金额: $ 43.87万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-11-01 至 2026-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317002&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ferroalloys; Stainless; Steels; Low; Carbon

This award supports fundamental research related to advanced steelmaking, enabling a drastic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions responsible for global warming and its impact on the US land and population. Using green hydrogen, instead of coke (a form of carbon), iron and other ores are directly transformed, in a single step, to alloy steels, such as stainless steel (containing iron, nickel and chromium) which is used extensively in consumer and high-tech applications. The hydrogen is obtained by splitting water with renewable electricity. This research investigates the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen reduction of blends of iron and other metal oxides using in situ x-ray diffraction and theoretical modeling. This project supports the development of a domestic hydrogen economy and contributes to industrial decarbonization. It improves modernization and competitiveness of the US steel industry, thus benefiting the US economy and society. The process leverages various disciplines including manufacturing, metallurgy, and x-ray diffraction science leading to new educational opportunities. The project broadens participation of women and underrepresented groups in research and trains the next generation of engineers needed to boost domestic production of high-value alloyed steels. Hydrogen reduction of Fe2O3 is a complex process due to the presence of transient phases, FeO and Fe3O4, and large volume changes during reduction. Hydrogen reduction of oxide blends to create, in a single step, ferroalloys and alloy steels, introduces additional complexity, as the interactions between oxides of iron and the other elements, such as nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and manganese, lead to acceleration of reduction kinetics, shift in thermodynamic stability, and formation of further transient phases. This research studies the mechanisms underlying these effects and the microstructures and properties of the final alloys, seeking a deeper understanding of direct hydrogen reduction as it applies to various alloyed steels and ferroalloys. This project studies how one-step, one-pot hydrogen reduction of oxide blends to create alloy steels and ferroalloys greatly improves the reduction kinetics while also being more efficient than a multiple step process where individual alloying elements are created and then combined with iron to make alloy steels. The project develops a fundamental understanding of co-reduction of oxide mixtures of iron and alloying elements to achieve metallic binary and ternary ferroalloys useful for production of various steels. Hydrogen reduction of oxide blends is studied via in-situ x-ray diffraction to assess the reaction kinetics and phase formation and CALPHAD, phase-field, and finite-element modeling to improve the understanding of and provide predictions of reaction mechanisms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项支持与先进炼钢相关的基础研究，从而大幅减少导致全球变暖及其对美国土地和人口影响的二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放。使用绿色氢代替焦炭（碳的一种形式），将铁和其他矿石一步直接转化为合金钢，例如不锈钢（含有铁、镍和铬），广泛用于消费和工业领域。高科技应用。氢气是通过用可再生电力分解水获得的。本研究利用原位 X 射线衍射和理论模型研究了铁和其他金属氧化物混合物的氢还原热力学和动力学。该项目支持国内氢经济发展，为工业脱碳做出贡献。它提高了美国钢铁工业的现代化水平和竞争力，从而造福美国经济和社会。该过程利用了制造、冶金和 X 射线衍射科学等多种学科，带来了新的教育机会。该项目扩大了女性和代表性不足群体对研究的参与，并培训了促进国内高价值合金钢生产所需的下一代工程师。由于过渡相 FeO 和 Fe3O4 的存在以及还原过程中体积变化较大，Fe2O3 的氢还原是一个复杂的过程。通过氢还原氧化物混合物来一步生成铁合金和合金钢，会带来额外的复杂性，因为铁的氧化物与镍、铬、钨、钼和锰等其他元素之间的相互作用会加速铁合金和合金钢的生成。还原动力学、热力学稳定性的转变以及进一步瞬态相的形成。这项研究研究了这些影响的机制以及最终合金的微观结构和性能，寻求更深入地了解直接氢还原，因为它适用于各种合金钢和铁合金。该项目研究如何通过一步一锅氢还原氧化物混合物来制造合金钢和铁合金，从而大大提高还原动力学，同时也比创建单个合金元素然后与铁结合以制造合金钢的多步工艺更有效。合金钢。该项目对铁和合金元素的氧化物混合物的共还原产生了可用于生产各种钢的金属二元和三元铁合金的基本理解。通过原位 X 射线衍射研究氧化物混合物的氢还原，以评估反应动力学和相形成以及 CALPHAD、相场和有限元建模，以增进对反应机制的理解并提供反应机制的预测。该奖项反映了通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，NSF 的法定使命被认为值得支持。