Collaborative Research: Predicting Micro to Macro-scale Hot-spot and Hot-moment dynamics in Arctic Tundra Ecosystems

合作研究：预测北极苔原生态系统的微观到宏观热点和热点动态

• 批准号: 2311074
• 负责人: Mario Muscarella
• 金额: $ 49.89万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2311074&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Predicting; Micro; Macro

Rapid climate warming in the Arctic is thawing frozen soils, also known as permafrost, which is not only reshaping surface topography but also increasing the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Due to the speed in which Arctic landscapes are changing, and the massive carbon pools locked in permafrost, improving knowledge of the key interactions between plants and micro-organisms and their impacts on greenhouse gas release is essential for predicting how thawing Arctic soils will contribute to global climate change.The overarching objective of this project is to determine the micro-scale mechanisms driving hot-spot and hot-moment carbon dynamics, for improving predictions of macro-scale carbon balance. We hypothesize that the altered spatiotemporal distribution of degrading nutrient-rich permafrost has and will fundamentally alter the structure and function of northern tundra ecosystems, from microbes to landscapes. This multi-scale interdisciplinary project will transform our knowledge of fundamental plant-soil-microbial interactions that govern past and projected carbon cycle dynamics in permafrost ecosystems, while advancing knowledge of the key biogeochemical consequences of permafrost thaw over space (i.e., plot to landscape) and time (i.e., seasonal to decadal). The spatiotemporal mechanisms of hot-spots and hot-moment carbon dynamics will be characterized using a combination of low and high-precision ground and airborne flux observations to determine the location and assess the magnitude of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) hot-spots. Ground and remote sensing observations will determine the controls on the observed spatial distribution of hot-spots and fluxes, space-for-time analyses of plants, microbes, and landforms, coupled with the timing of permafrost degradation will infer the existence of hot-moments, while incubation experiments will illuminate the mechanisms driving hot-moments across sites across the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. The proposed research will therefore provide the foundation for next-generation mechanistic and process-based models to represent novel disturbance regimes in the new Arctic. These research efforts will be complimented by a growing collaborative network of Alaskan native high-school student involvement in Arctic disturbance ecology. Students will use drones to measure their environment and share results across campuses and with the broader scientific community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极气候迅速变暖正在融化冻土，也称为永久冻土，这不仅重塑了地表地形，还增加了向大气中排放的温室气体。由于北极景观变化的速度以及永久冻土层中锁定的大量碳库，提高对植物和微生物之间的关键相互作用及其对温室气体释放的影响的了解对于预测北极土壤融化将如何促进温室气体排放至关重要。全球气候变化。该项目的总体目标是确定驱动热点和热点碳动态的微观机制，以改进宏观碳平衡的预测。我们假设，营养丰富的永久冻土退化的时空分布的改变已经并将从根本上改变北部苔原生态系统的结构和功能，从微生物到景观。这个多尺度的跨学科项目将改变我们对植物-土壤-微生物基本相互作用的认识，这些相互作用控制着永久冻土生态系统中过去和预测的碳循环动态，同时增进对空间永久冻土融化的关键生物地球化学后果的了解（即景观图）和时间（即季节性到十年）。将结合低精度和高精度地面和空中通量观测来表征热点和热点碳动力学的时空机制，以确定二氧化碳 (CO2) 和甲烷 (CH4) 热点的位置并评估其大小。 - 斑点。地面和遥感观测将确定对观测到的热点和通量空间分布的控制，对植物、微生物和地貌的时空分析，加上多年冻土退化的时间将推断热点时刻的存在，而孵化实验将阐明推动阿拉斯加北部北极沿海平原各地热点时刻的机制。因此，拟议的研究将为下一代基于机械和过程的模型提供基础，以代表新北极的新扰动状况。这些研究工作将得到越来越多的阿拉斯加本土高中生参与北极扰动生态学的合作网络的补充。学生将使用无人机测量他们的环境，并在校园内和更广泛的科学界分享结果。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。