CAREER: Human-induced Soil Change on the U.S. Great Plains

职业：美国大平原上人为引起的土壤变化

• 批准号: 2338373
• 负责人: Judith Turk
• 金额: $ 85.43万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-05-01 至 2029-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2338373&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Human; induced; Soil; Change

Human-induced soil change is driven by agricultural land-use. Two important drivers of soil change in agricultural lands include irrigation and accelerated erosion and deposition. This project seeks to better understand human impact on Great Plains soils – a resource vital to U.S. economic competitiveness. This will enhance our understanding of natural resources within the largest physiographic province in North America and improve resilience of agricultural systems in the face of extreme weather. Special attention will be given to alterations in the soils’ capacity to store carbon, an important climate change mitigation strategy. The education and outreach program will engage graduate students and advanced undergraduates in a summer field course, apply innovated pedagogies within undergraduate soil judging, and use art and technology to encourage scientific exploration among middle school students.Much is unknown about the state of soils on the Great Plains. This region’s thick, dark topsoil often masks degradation until it reaches an advanced stage. The program will uncover how anthropedogenesis — human-driven soil formation — has led to measurable soil change by testing the following hypotheses: (1) long-term impacts of irrigation and the erosion-induced carbon sink have altered patterns of carbon storage in Great Plains soils, (2) the vector of soil development can be predicted based on land-use, and (3) humans have a measurable effect on soil structure that extends into the subsoil. Soil data collected in the mid to late 20th century will be used as a reference point for quantifying soil change, including soil organic carbon, bulk density, calcium carbonate equivalent, particle size distribution, soil color, clay films, and soil structure.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类引起的土壤变化是由农业土地利用驱动的。农业土地上土壤变化的两个重要驱动因素包括灌溉和加速侵蚀和沉积。该项目旨在更好地了解人类对大平原土壤的影响，这对于美国经济竞争力至关重要。这将增强我们对北美最大生理资源的自然资源的理解，并在极端天气面前提高农业系统的弹性。将特别注意土壤储存碳能力的变化，这是一种重要的气候变化策略。教育和外展计划将与研究生和高级大学生一起参加暑期野外课程，在本科土壤评判中应用创新的教学法，并使用艺术和技术来鼓励中学生的科学探索。对大平原上的土壤状况尚不清楚。该地区厚，深色的表土经常掩盖退化，直到达到高级阶段。该计划将发现拟人化（人为驱动的土壤形成）如何通过测试以下假设导致可测量的土壤变化：（1）灌溉的长期影响和侵蚀诱导的碳汇的长期影响会改变大平原上的碳储存模式，对大平原的土壤中的碳储存模式改变，（2）土壤的发展量可以预测，（2）该土壤的量化可以预测（2）（3）（2）（3）（3）（2）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）人类（3）人类的人类（3）人类的人类量化（3）地下土壤。在20世纪中叶收集的土壤数据将被用作量化土壤变化的参考点，包括土壤有机碳，块状密度，碳酸钙等效，颗粒大小分布，土壤颜色，粘土膜和土壤结构。这奖反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的智力效果和宽阔的范围进行评估，以评估值得评估。