DDRIG in DRMS: Knowing Less Than We Can Tell: Assessing Metacognitive Knowledge in Subjective, Multi-Attribute Choice

DRMS 中的 DDRIG：我们所知甚少：评估主观、多属性选择中的元认知知识

• 批准号: 2333553
• 负责人: Daniel Oppenheimer
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: Carnegie-Mellon University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-02-01 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2333553&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DDRIG; DRMS; Knowing; Less; Than; DDRIG; DRMS; Knowing; Less; Than

Every day we make decisions that can impact our happiness well into the future. But do we really know how we make these decisions? This project proposes a new method for exploring decision makers’ knowledge of how they make decisions – which psychologists refer to as metacognitive knowledge. This method is specifically designed to assess decision makers’ metacognitive knowledge when they are making subjective decisions in which they must make tradeoffs between different factors. The method is used to explore a range of questions about how people think about the decisions that they make. Developing and testing this method is important because it allows us to better understand how people make not only personal decisions, such as buying a car or house, but also policy-relevant decisions, such as which candidate to vote for or which policy to endorse. This knowledge can be useful in designing interventions and decision environments that help people make better decisions.The project presents a novel paradigm for assessing metacognitive knowledge in subjective, multi-attribute choice decisions. In this paradigm, participants are asked to complete a Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) task, then self-report the influence (i.e., weight) they believe each attribute had on their decision-making process. These self-reported weights are compared to revealed weights estimated via Hierarchical Bayes Estimation from the CBC task, with higher correspondence indicating greater metacognitive knowledge. The proposed studies seek to validate the paradigm, implement the paradigm to isolate various metacognitive mechanisms (e.g., metacognitive control, metacognitive monitoring), and use the paradigm to explore the role that metacognitive knowledge may play in classic decision phenomena (e.g., framing effects). The primary contribution of this project is to expand the meta-reasoning (i.e., metacognition in reasoning) literature – which has primarily focused on objective decisions – into subjective decisions, which are highly important and often have significant impacts on individuals’ well-being.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每天，我们都会做出决定，可以使我们的幸福在未来中产生良好的影响。但是，我们真的知道我们如何做出这些决定吗？该项目提出了一种探索决策者如何做出决策的知识的新方法 - 心理学家将其称为元认知知识。该方法专门设计用于评估决策者在做出主观决策时必须在不同因素之间进行权衡的元认知知识。该方法用于探讨有关人们如何看待自己做出的决定的一系列问题。开发和测试这种方法很重要，因为它使我们能够更好地了解人们不仅如何做出个人决策，例如购买汽车或房屋，而且还要与政策相关的决定，例如哪个候选人投票或支持哪种政策。这些知识在设计干预措施和决策环境中很有用，以帮助人们做出更好的决策。该项目为评估主观的，多属性选择决策的元认知知识提供了一种新颖的范例。在此范式中，要求参与者完成一个基于选择的联合（CBC）任务，然后自我报告的影响（即体重），他们认为每个属性都对他们的决策过程具有。将这些自我报告的权重与通过CBC任务估计的估算的估计的揭示权重进行了比较，更高的对应关系表明元认知知识更大。拟议的研究试图验证范式，实施范式以分离各种元认知机制（例如元认知控制，元认知监测），并使用范式探索元认知知识在经典决策现象中可能起的作用（例如，框架效应）。该项目的主要贡献是将文献（即推理中的元认知）扩展到主观决策中，该文献主要集中在客观决策上，这些决策非常重要，并且通常对个人的福祉产生重大影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过评估基金会的智力效果而被视为珍贵的支持。