BoCP Design: US-China-Sao Paulo: Functional Biodiversity in Streams on a Changing Planet in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Climates

BoCP 设计：美国-中国-圣保罗：热带、亚热带和温带气候变化的星球上溪流的功能性生物多样性

• 批准号: 2325925
• 负责人: John Morse
• 金额: $ 49.9万
• 依托单位: Clemson University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-15 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2325925&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BoCP; Design; US; China; Sao

Humans have globally altered the fundamental processes maintaining biodiversity by converting natural land cover for human uses. Freshwater ecosystems have been disproportionally impacted by global land use change, with aquatic insects experiencing sharp declines in recent years. This project will link the three dimensions of biodiversity across temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions on three continents to provide comprehensive understanding of how human land use affects aquatic life, in particular caddisflies, a highly diverse and widespread group of aquatic insects. Identifying broad patterns of aquatic ecosystem health in response to land use change is a major goal of conservation ecology, but research has struggled for decades with this goal for two main reasons, which this study address. First, most biodiversity research has considered only the number of species (“taxonomic diversity”). Taxonomic diversity is incomplete because it does not provide information about (a) the actual roles the organisms play in their environment (“functional diversity”), or (b) how shared evolutionary history among species may cause them to respond similarly to land use change (“phylogenetic diversity”). The second roadblock for identifying broadly applicable patterns is that most field studies are conducted only in a single region, limiting resulting conclusions to that region. This project will contribute to the collections and identification of caddisfly species across three continents, provide international training and networking opportunities, and deliver aquatic insect identification workshops in both Brazil and China. It will also launch long-term pollution-monitoring programs in Brazil and China and will train a diverse group of over 20 undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral researchers.This project will focus on caddisflies—a highly diverse, widespread, and imperiled group of aquatic insects. The project team will sample larval and adult caddisflies in streams across gradients of land use change—from streams whose watersheds contain mostly natural land cover, to those that have been largely converted to agriculture and/or urbanization. Work will occur simultaneously in three of the world’s major biomes: the temperate Blue Ridge ecoregion of the southeastern United States, the subtropical Qiantang River of southeastern China, and the tropical Paranapanema River basin of southern Brazil. This project consists of a developing collaboration between researchers at Clemson University (CU, United States), Universidade Estudal Paulista (UNESP, Brazil), and Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU, China) in which researchers will conduct field work in their respective nations. In addition, CU researchers will compare modern fauna with fauna sampled from the same streams in 1969 and the 1980s and will travel to China and Brazil to teach aquatic insect identification courses and to transport specimens for DNA sequencing. Researchers at NJAU will conduct cutting-edge genetic analyses to enable calculation of phylogenetic diversity and identification of larvae, and collaborators at UNESP will provide expertise in community analysis and spatial statistics. This project will 1) build a trans-continental, multidimensional database of caddisfly diversity; 2) quantify multidimensional caddisfly responses to human land use change in different ecoregions on three continents; and 3) quantify homogenization of caddisfly assemblages within regions through time. This project will provide new inferences and information to help identify threats and slow aquatic biodiversity loss on a rapidly changing planet.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类通过将自然土地覆盖转换为人类用途，改变了维持生物多样性的基本过程。淡水生态系统受到全球土地利用变化的影响不成比例的影响，近年来水生昆虫的急剧下降。该项目将在三大大洲的温度，亚热带和热带地区的生物多样性的三个维度联系起来，以全面了解人类土地的使用如何影响水生生物，尤其是caddisflies，尤其是一群高度多样化和宽度的水生昆虫。确定水生生态系统健康以应对土地使用变化的广泛模式是保护生态学的主要目标，但是数十年来，该研究的研究一直在努力，这是两个主要原因，这是两个主要原因。首先，大多数生物多样性研究仅考虑了物种数量（“分类多样性”）。分类学多样性是不完整的，因为它没有提供有关（a）生物体在其环境中扮演的实际作用（“功能多样性”），或（b）物种之间的共同进化历史可能导致它们对土地使用变化的反应（“系统发育多样性”）。用于识别广泛适用模式的第二个障碍是，大多数现场研究仅在单个区域进行，从而限制了该区域的结论。该项目将有助于在三个持续过程中对细菌的收集和识别，提供国际培训和网络机会，并在巴西和中国提供水生隔热识别研讨会。它还将在巴西和中国启动长期污染监测计划，并将培训由20多名本科生和研究生以及博士后研究人员培训潜水员。该项目将集中于Caddisflies，这是一个高度潜水，宽度且易于危险的水生绝缘材料。项目团队将在土地利用变化梯度的溪流中采样幼体和成年的caddisflies，从流域中大部分包含自然土地覆盖物的流到大部分转化为农业和/或城市化的流。仅在世界三个主要生物群落中进行工作：美国东南部的温度蓝岭生态区，中国东南部的亚热带Qiantang河和巴西南部的热带Paranapanema河盆地。该项目包括克莱姆森大学（CU，美国CU），埃斯塔德尔·波利斯塔大学（UNESP，巴西）和南京农业大学（中国NJAU）之间的研究人员之间的发展合作，研究人员将在其各自国家中进行现场工作。此外，CU研究人员将将现代动物群与1969年和1980年代从同一溪流中采样的动物区系进行比较，并将前往中国和巴西教水生昆虫识别课程，并运输用于DNA测序的标本。 NJAU的研究人员将进行最先进的遗传分析，以实现系统发育多样性和幼虫的识别，UNESP的合作者将在社区分析和空间统计学方面提供专业知识。该项目将1）构建一个跨大陆的多维数据库； 2）量化三个持续的不同生态区中对人类土地使用变化的多维循环响应； 3）随着时间的推移，量化区域内的圆满组合的同质化。该项目将提供新的推论和信息，以帮助确定威胁和缓慢的水生生物多样性在快速变化的星球上。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估审查标准，被认为是珍贵的支持。