BoCP-Design: US-China: Interactions between land-use change and island biogeography as drivers of animal community assembly in the Zhoushan and Caribbean Archipelagos

BoCP-设计：中美：土地利用变化与岛屿生物地理学之间的相互作用作为舟山和加勒比群岛动物群落聚集的驱动因素

• 批准号: 2325839
• 负责人: Luke Frishkoff
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Arlington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2325839&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: BoCP; Design; US; China; Interactions

Humans modify natural habitats, such as forest and grasslands, to create agricultural fields and developed areas for people to live. This project aims to understand why such human-caused habitat modification causes extreme biodiversity loss in some places, while other places are more resilient. One idea suggests that small islands are especially at risk, because they can only evolve a small set of species that can only use a few types of resources or habitats. In contrast very large islands evolve many species, at least some of which will have less specialized requirements and may be able to prosper in human-modified environments. The researchers will test the hypothesis that biodiversity persists better in human-modified areas on bigger islands, as predicted by a "lottery model" of tolerance to human land-use. Relatedly, they will study if species' evolutionary history affects how much biodiversity remains in human-modified areas. Specifically, they will examine whether species that arrived on an island from elsewhere are more likely to tolerate human-modified environments, in comparison to species that evolved on the island in question. Understanding why some areas are more vulnerable to losing biodiversity will help prioritize places to conserve. Relatedly, knowledge of where biodiversity will be most robust to loss will help maximize use of ecosystem services that benefit people. The research will support undergraduate and graduate student training and promote scientific collaboration between US and Chinese biodiversity researchers.To understand when and where biodiversity declines will be most severe after habitat modification, the researchers will examine communities of birds, reptiles, and amphibians in both natural habitats and human-developed areas. They will do so across islands of different sizes and isolations in both the Caribbean and Zhoushan Archipelagos (China). Together this combination of species groups and locations allows the researchers to distinguish good dispersing species (birds) from poor dispersing ones (reptiles and amphibians) in island systems where dispersal is easy (in Zhoushan, because between-island distances are small) versus hard (in the Caribbean, where distances are long). The researchers will use transects and long-term audio recordings to assess species occurrence over hundreds of locations across 56 islands in the two regions. They will quantify how specialized species are by studying diet and habitat use of the organisms encountered.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类修改了诸如森林和草原之类的自然栖息地，以创建农业领域和发达地区供人们居住。该项目旨在了解为什么这种人为引起的栖息地修饰在某些地方会导致极端的生物多样性丧失，而其他地方则更具弹性。一个想法表明，小岛尤其处于危险之中，因为它们只能进化一小种物种，这些物种只能使用一些类型的资源或栖息地。相比之下，非常大的岛屿发展了许多物种，至少有些物种具有较少的专业要求，并且可能能够在人工改造的环境中繁荣发展。研究人员将检验以下假设：正如人们对人类土地利用的宽容的“彩票模型”所预测的，生物多样性在大岛上的人类改造地区持续得更好。相关的是，他们将研究物种的进化史是否会影响人类改造的地区仍然存在多少生物多样性。具体而言，与在相关岛上进化的物种相比，他们将检查从其他地方到达岛上的物种是否更有可能忍受人类改造的环境。了解为什么某些领域更容易失去生物多样性，这将有助于优先考虑保护场所。相关的是，了解生物多样性将在何处最大程度地损失的知识将有助于最大程度地利用使人们受益的生态系统服务。这项研究将支持本科和研究生培训，并促进美国和中国生物多样性研究人员之间的科学合作。在了解栖息地修改后，生物多样性下降的何时以及何时降低，研究人员将研究自然栖息地和人栖息地和人类开发领域的鸟类，爬行动物和两栖动物社区。他们将在加勒比海和Zhoushan群岛（中国）的各种规模和隔离的岛屿上这样做。这种物种群体和位置的组合使研究人员能够将良好的分散物种（鸟类）与不良的分散物种（爬行动物和两栖动物）区分开，在岛屿系统中，分散很容易（在千山，因为岛上的距离之间的距离很小）与硬（在加勒比海中，距离很长）。研究人员将使用横断面和长期音频记录来评估两个地区56个岛屿上数百个地点的物种。他们将通过研究遇到的生物的饮食和栖息地使用饮食和栖息地来量化如何专业物种。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估标准通过评估来支持的。