RAPID/Collaborative Research: The 2022 Yellowstone Flood: Evaluating National Parks as Critical Infrastructures to the US Ecotourism Economy

快速/合作研究：2022 年黄石洪水：评估国家公园作为美国生态旅游经济的关键基础设施

• 批准号: 2241214
• 负责人: Jean Dixon
• 金额: $ 1.99万
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2241214&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; 2022; Yellowstone

Yellowstone National Park (YNP) sustains over 4 million visitors annually and generates over 8,700 jobs and greater than $830 million of benefits to the surrounding region’s economy. During June 2022, a 500-yr flood event swept across YNP and gateway communities destroying road and building infrastructures, leading to the closure of the park and the evacuation of more than 10,000 visitors. YNP remained fully closed for 9 days and subsequently reopened partially under variable entry systems; however, the northern entrances have remained closed, disconnecting gateway communities and crippling dependent economies. The economic impacts from the YNP closures on the region’s eco-tourism industry is expected to be severe in the following years. The Yellowstone flood experience runs counter to conventional disaster risk paradigms, which focus on the exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of the ‘built-up environment’, such as risks to human health, property damages, or critical infrastructures. In contrast, the Yellowstone flooding suggests that an extreme disturbance in a national park, or natural infrastructure, can induce severe and systemic economic impacts to entire regions. This suggests that natural infrastructures can operate similarly to human-built infrastructures in providing critical services for human livelihoods. Ultimately, this brings into question how society should manage and value protected land assets and extends society’s valuation of US National Parks, “America’s Best Idea”, beyond mere aesthetics to an accurate portrayal of serving critical roles in preserving our nation’s economic and public health security and safety. This Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project seeks to monitor and understand the infrastructural and economic impacts and recovery, as they rapidly unfold over the next weeks and months to understand the interdependencies between humans and natural infrastructures, particularly exposing society’s vulnerability to disasters in non-built-up areas. The objective of the work is to rapidly collect ephemeral information critical to documenting and understanding the infrastructural impacts of the YNP flooding, the rate and nature of infrastructure evolution and recovery, and the systemic economic impacts of the flooding on the ecotourism-dependent industries in the gateway communities. Comprehensive inventories of infrastructure loss, damage, and recovery will occur via direct observation and photo documentation. Through interviews and web surveillance, the impacts of the closures and re-openings on economics, regional travel, and human activities will be documented. Finally, the FEWSION for Community Resilience (F4R™) program will identify social and physical infrastructures embedded within the region’s critical supply chains and provide communities with approaches to mitigate future disaster risks.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

黄石国家公园 (YNP) 每年接待超过 400 万游客，创造 8,700 多个就业机会，为周边地区经济带来超过 8.3 亿美元的效益。 2022 年 6 月，一场长达 500 年的洪水席卷了黄石国家公园和门户社区，摧毁了道路和建筑。基础设施建设导致公园关闭并疏散超过 10,000 名游客，YNP 完全关闭了 9 天，随后在可变入口下部分重新开放。系统；然而，北部入口仍然关闭，导致门户社区脱节并削弱依赖经济，预计未来几年黄石公园的关闭对该地区生态旅游业的经济影响将是严重的。传统的灾害范式风险范式，重点关注“建筑环境”的暴露性、脆弱性和恢复力，例如对人类健康、财产损失或关键基础设施的风险。相比之下，黄石洪水表明极端干扰。在国家公园里，这表明自然基础设施可以与人造基础设施类似地为人类生计提供关键服务，这最终引发了社会应如何管理和评估受保护土地的问题。资产并扩展了社会对美国国家公园“美国最佳创意”的评价，超越了单纯的美学，准确地描述了在维护国家经济和公共卫生安全方面发挥的关键作用。该快速响应研究 (RAPID) 项目旨在监测。了解基础设施和经济影响及恢复，因为它们在未来几周和几个月内迅速展开，以了解人类和自然基础设施之间的相互依赖性，特别是暴露社会在非建成区遭受灾害的脆弱性，以快速收集关键的临时信息。记录和了解 YNP 洪水对基础设施的影响、基础设施演变和恢复的速度和性质，以及洪水对门户社区依赖生态旅游的产业的系统性经济影响。将通过直接观察和照片记录对基础设施损失、损坏和恢复进行全面清查，并记录关闭和重新开放对经济、区域旅行和人类活动的影响。 FEWSION 社区复原力 (F4R™) 计划将确定嵌入该地区关键供应链的社会和物质基础设施，并为社区提供减轻未来灾害风险的方法。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并被认为值得通过以下方式获得支持：使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。