SCC-IRG Track 1: Socially-integrated robust communication and information-resource sharing technologies for post-disaster community self-reliance

SCC-IRG 第 1 轨道：社会整合的稳健通信和信息资源共享技术，促进灾后社区自力更生

• 批准号: 2311405
• 负责人: Cynthia Chen
• 金额: $ 200万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2311405&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; IRG; Track; Socially; integrated

When a disaster strikes, communities often become isolated and citizens come together to help each other: people share resources, pass along information, and take on tasks that are outside of their usual domains. These activities have been reported in both academic literature and anecdotal documents. Some examples include: New Yorkers’ sharing private vehicles and boats during the 2005 MTA strike that crippled NYC transit services; and neighbors helping neighbors escape from flooding caused by 2016’s Hurricane Matthew using rafts improvised from inflatable mattresses in Rowland, NC. These peer-to-peer resource sharing activities fill important gaps during times of disaster that cannot be fulfilled by emergency response agencies. This project helps fill this gap by working with urban and rural, higher- and lower-income communities in Washington State to understand and advance more effective local information and resource dissemination during a disaster. The project integrates hardware, robust communication technologies, social capacities, and spatial conditions to leverage and enhance place-based social networks for information-resource sharing; and investigate a little-studied scientific frontier intersecting communications, sharing, and disaster resilience. The results of the project will be scalable and useful on a daily and emergency basis to communities that increasingly face natural disaster risks and are interested in enhancing their resilience through information and resource sharing. More specifically, the project will co-design with the two communities and conduct research in four thrusts. Thrust 1—robust communications, will develop robust off-grid community-based networks that are owned and operated by the community. Thrust 2—building community social networks for information-resource sharing, will conduct surveys to collect information about people’s sharing behavior and their social ties within a community, and develop novel models to infer community-based social networks. Thrust 3—community-based information-resource sharing, will develop models and strategies that will lead to efficient information-resource sharing. The key hypothesis is that social network structures affect the optimality and stability of information-resource sharing. Thrust 4 (Dynamic Map your Neighborhood) integrates the results of Thrusts 1-3 and uses them to co-design and pilot-test applications with two communities in WA (urban and rural). The diverse team expertise facilitates knowledge and methods across disciplines through the design of robust communication technologies, and novel ways to solicit social ties information and information-resource sharing models that considers both model optimality and human inputs (e.g., leader nominations from the communities).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当灾难发生袭击时，社区经常变得孤立，公民聚在一起帮助彼此：人们共享资源，传递信息，并承担在通常的领域之外的任务。这些活动均已在学术文献和轶事文档中报道。一些例子包括：在2005年MTA罢工期间，纽约人共享私家车和船只，该罢工削减了纽约市运输服务；邻居帮助邻居摆脱了2016年飓风Matthew造成的洪水，使用北卡罗来纳州罗兰（Rowland）的充气床垫改善的筏子。这些点对点的资源共享活动填补了紧急响应机构无法实现的灾难时期的重要空白。该项目通过与华盛顿州的城市和粗糙，高收入和低收入社区合作来帮助填补这一空白，以了解和推进灾难期间更有效的本地信息和资源传播。该项目集成了硬件，强大的通信技术，社交能力和空间条件，以利用和增强基于位置的社交网络以进行信息资源共享；并研究一个有点研究的科学边界，相交的交流，共享和灾难的弹性。该项目的结果将在每日和紧急情况下可扩展且有用，这些社区面临着日益面临自然灾害风险的社区，并有兴趣通过信息和资源共享增强其韧性。更具体地说，该项目将与两个社区共同设计，并以四个推力进行研究。推力1-稳定的通信，将开发由社区拥有和运营的强大基于网格的基于社区的网络。推力2 - 建立社区社交网络以进行信息资源共享，将进行调查，以收集有关人们在社区中的共享行为及其社交关系的信息，并开发出新颖的模型来推断基于社区的社交网络。推力3 - 基于社区的信息资源共享，将制定模型和策略，从而导致有效的信息资源共享。关键假设是社交网络结构会影响信息资源共享的最佳性和稳定性。推力4（动态地图您的邻居）整合了推力1-3的结果，并使用它们与WA（Urban and Rough）的两个社区共同设计和试点测试应用程序。潜水员团队的专业知识设施知识和跨学科的方法通过设计通过稳健的沟通技术的设计，以及征求社会联系的新方法和信息资源共享模型，这些模型考虑了模型的最佳和人类投入（例如，社区的领导者提名的领导者提名）。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务和审查的审查，这是通过评估的范围来弥补的。