ORCC: Collaborative Research: Mechanisms underpinning the unusual, high CO2 sensitivity of sand lances, key forage fishes on the Northwest Atlantic Shelf

ORCC：合作研究：西北大西洋陆架上主要饲料鱼沙矛对二氧化碳异常敏感的机制

• 批准号: 2307815
• 负责人: Nina Therkildsen
• 金额: $ 21.99万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2307815&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ORCC; Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; underpinning

Ocean warming and acidification are direct, predictable consequences of anthropogenic climate change with likely vast but still insufficiently understood consequences for marine life. So far, most tested fish species appear only mildly sensitive to ocean acidification, but sand lances are an exception. Sand lances are small, eel-like, schooling fishes of enormous importance as food for seabirds and mammals in temperate to polar ecosystems. Recent research conclusively demonstrated that many sand lance embryos have trouble developing and hatching under predicted future ocean conditions. This project uses modern experimental and molecular tools to understand exactly WHY sand lance embryos are so unusually sensitive and which genes and enzymes are responsible for this. Genes will also reveal whether some specific genotypes are less sensitive to warming and acidification, which can then be used to predict whether the species could evolve to be more tolerant over time. Another important objective is to test a closely related sand lance species to find out whether the high climate sensitivity might be of general concern in this important group of forage fishes. This project combines innovative ecological, evolutionary, and genomic research to help society anticipate looming marine ecosystem changes in the 21st century, while equipping the next generation of scientists with the needed tools and expertise to succeed in the challenges ahead. The project also creates opportunities for high school students from underprivileged Connecticut schools to accompany the team on sand lance sampling trips to Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Two recent studies on Northern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius), a key forage fish on offshore sand banks across the Northwest Atlantic shelf, have robustly demonstrated that predicted future CO2 conditions induce some of the most severe reductions in embryo survival and hatching success seen yet among tested fish species. This project has four objectives for revealing the mechanisms underpinning this unusual, high CO2-sensitivity as well as the ubiquity and genetic basis of this phenomenon. [1] For the first time, we will rear A. dubius offspring produced from wild spawners to late larval stages at factorial CO2 × temperature conditions to test whether sand lance larvae are as CO2-sensitive as embryos. [2] For the first time, we will use transcriptomic tools (RNAseq, RT-qPCR) to elucidate mechanisms causing ‘CO2-impaired hatching’, focusing specifically on hatching enzymes, to better understand a newly discovered mortality mechanism due to high CO2 in fishes. [3] Modern genomic approaches (low-coverage whole genome sequencing; allele frequency shifts, relatedness analyses) will reveal whether high CO2-sensitivity has a genetic basis in sand lance and could therefore evolve. [4] And for the first time, we will extend CO2 × temperature experiments to a congener, the American sand lance (A. americanus), which provides an important scientific contrast between nearshore vs. offshore species CO2-sensitivities and will yield critical insights whether high CO2-sensitivity is a wider concern within the sand lance family. This award was co-funded through the BIO/IOS Organismal Responses to Climate Change Program and the GEO/OCE Biological Oceanography Program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋变暖和酸化是人为气候变化的直接，可预测的后果，可能会随着广阔的身份而产生的影响，但仍然不足以理解对海洋生物的后果。到目前为止，大多数经过测试的鱼类似乎仅对海洋酸化有些敏感，但是沙弹是一个例外。沙弹性很小，类似鳗鱼的幼崽，在温度下，对海鸟和哺乳动物的食物非常重要，对极地生态系统。最近的研究最终表明，在预测的未来海洋状况下，许多沙兰胚胎都难以开发和孵化。该项目使用现代的实验和分子工具来确切地了解为什么沙兰胚胎如此异常敏感，以及哪些基因和酶为此负责。基因还将揭示某些特定的基因型是否对变暖和酸化不太敏感，然后可以将其用于预测该物种是否会随着时间的推移而发展为更耐受性。另一个重要的目标是测试密切相关的沙长弹物种，以找出在这一重要的饲料鱼类中，高气候敏感性是否普遍关注。该项目结合了创新的生态，进化和基因组研究，以帮助社会预测21世纪有失去的海洋生态系统的变化，同时为下一代科学家提供所需的工具和专业知识，以取得成功的挑战。该项目还为来自贫困的康涅狄格州学校的高中学生创造了机会，可以参加Sand Lance采样旅行的团队前往Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary。两项关于北部沙兰斯（Ammodytes Dubius）的最新研究是西北大西洋货架上近海砂岩上的一项关键饲料鱼类，它强烈地证明，预测未来的二氧化碳条件会影响胚胎生存和孵化成功的一些最严重的降低，但在经测试的鱼类中所看到的。该项目具有四个目标，用于揭示这种现象的不寻常，高二氧化碳敏感以及普遍性和遗传基础的机制。 [1]我们将首次在cotorial CO2×温度条件下从野生生成产生产生到晚幼虫阶段产生的A. dubius后代，以测试沙兰幼虫是否像胚胎一样敏感。 [2]我们将首次使用转录组工具（RNASEQ，RT-QPCR）来阐明引起“ CO2损伤孵化”的机制，专门针对孵化酶，以更好地理解由于鱼类中高二氧化碳而引起的新发现的死亡机制。 [3]现代基因组方法（低覆盖的整个基因组测序；等位基因频移，相关性分析）将揭示高二氧化碳 - 敏感性是否在沙兰中具有遗传基础，因此可以发展。 [4]，这是我们首次将CO2×温度实验扩展到同类物American Sand Lance（A. Americanus），该公司在近岸与近海物种CO2敏感性之间提供了重要的科学对比度，并产生重要的见解，并产生高二氧化碳敏感性是否在沙兰斯家族中广泛关注。该奖项是通过对气候变化计划和地理/OCE生物海洋学计划的生物/iOS机构反应共同资助的。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过基金会的知识分子的智力优点和更广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务。