ABR: Genetic Technology Development and International Security Efforts: Renewal

ABR：遗传技术发展和国际安全努力：续展

• 批准号: 2301648
• 负责人: Noah Tamarkin
• 金额: $ 14.08万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-15 至 2024-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2301648&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ABR; Genetic; Technology; Development; International

Genomics has become increasingly important for law and policing, as evidenced by the proliferation of national criminal DNA databases throughout the world. New national criminal DNA databases, once limited to high-income countries, are becoming widespread in middle-income countries and they are also beginning to be established in low-income countries. But DNA databases require infrastructural resources and expertise to implement and maintain. How are places that are marked by capacity challenges and conditions of scarcity establishing and running DNA databases under these conditions, and how might their strategies inform the global future of this phenomenon? How does DNA become transformed into something that is reliable and useful in national legal contexts and in international security efforts, and what are the consequences for how science and citizenship are lived and experienced? This research project will address these questions by investigating the intersection between genomics and law, related infrastructural investments, and the networks of people who must work together to transform genetic data into legally legible evidence. Further, this project supports the methods and data analysis training of two graduate students.This research is supported as an accomplishment-based renewal of highly successful project exploring how the use of genetic technologies in criminal law might change experiences and forms of citizenship as well as social and cultural understandings of science and what constitutes reliable evidence. This research extends that completed through a previous grant by further investigating global criminal forensic genetics as an emerging and expanding citizenship formation with interconnected local, national, and transnational influences and implications. The research will take place in a middle-income context that has been implementing and expanding a 2015 law that creates a criminal DNA database for which the police force has primary responsibility. The project will use ethnographic methodologies to consider how a cross-section of people from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds who have different forms of expertise and different ideas about the meaning of science and justice are brought together through their roles in enacting investments in forensic genetics. The project will include police, forensic laboratories, courtrooms, and NGOs and private companies that contribute to forensic genetics training and advocacy. In this research context investment in genomics for law enforcement is new and actively expanding throughout the research period. Those current investments raise important questions about the global scope and scale, and the local specificity and variation, of intersections between genomics and law. This research therefore offers an actively emerging view into how DNA comes to matter in new ways as it moves out of research laboratories and into a broader public sphere.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

基因组学对法律和警务越来越重要，这是由全球国家犯罪DNA数据库的扩散所证明的。新的国家犯罪DNA数据库曾经仅限于高收入国家，在中等收入国家正在广泛，它们也开始在低收入国家建立。但是DNA数据库需要基础设施资源和专业知识才能实施和维护。在这些条件下建立和运行DNA数据库的能力挑战和条件标志的地方如何标记，以及他们的策略如何为这种现象的全球未来提供信息？ DNA如何转化为在国家法律背景和国际安全工作中可靠且有用的事物，对科学和公民身份的生活和经验如何有什么后果？该研究项目将通过调查基因组学与法律，相关基础设施投资之间的交集以及必须共同努力以将遗传数据转变为具有法律知识的证据的人们的网络来解决这些问题。此外，该项目支持两名研究生的方法和数据分析培训。这项研究得到了基于成就的基于成就的非常成功的项目的续签，探讨了在刑法中使用遗传技术如何改变了经验和形式的公民身份以及社会和文化对科学的理解以及什么构成可靠的证据。这项研究扩展了通过先前的赠款完成的，通过进一步调查了全球犯罪法医遗传学，作为新兴和扩大公民身份与相互联系的地方，国家和跨国影响和含义。这项研究将在中等收入的情况下进行，该背景一直在实施和扩大2015年法律，该法律创建了一个犯罪DNA数据库，警察部队对此负有主要责任。该项目将利用人种学方法来考虑具有不同形式的专业知识和关于科学和正义意义的不同思想的各种社会经济背景的人的横截面如何通过在制定法医遗传学投资中的作用来汇集在一起​​。该项目将包括警察，法医实验室，法庭以及非政府组织以及为法医遗传学培训和倡导做出贡献的私人公司。在这种研究环境中，对执法的基因组学投资是新的，并且在整个研究期间都在积极扩展。这些当前的投资提出了有关全球范围和规模以及基因组学与法律之间交集的当地特异性和变化的重要问题。因此，这项研究提供了对DNA如何以新的方式出现的，当它从研究实验室移出并进入更广泛的公共领域时，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力来评估的，这一奖项被认为值得支持。优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。