MOSS: A novel genetic technology for low-cost and rapid crop breeding in response to climate change and population booming

MOSS：一种用于低成本、快速作物育种的新型基因技术，以应对气候变化和人口激增

• 批准号: 10087723
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: CHLOMITA BIOSCIENCE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Collaborative R&D
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=10087723
• 关键词: MOSS; novel; genetic; technology; low; MOSS; novel; genetic; technology; low

Plants directly provide over 80 % of the food consumed by humans and are the primary source of nutrition for livestock. However, environmental factors, plant diseases and pests constantly threaten the availability of food supply. The world population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050, increasing the demand for food by 70% (FOA). With the degradation of arable land and climate change, the current agricultural system will struggle to meet this demand. Better crop varieties that can withstand climate change and increase yield are urgently needed as the current annual yield gain (~1.5%) in crop varieties cannot meet the global food demand expected by 2050\. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the natural powerhouses in plants but have not been improved in many crops due to the lack of effective technology. If we can improve important chloroplasts and mitochondria genes (cytoplasmic genes), we can develop safe, climate-resilient, high-yielding crops rapidly and cheaply.Chlomita Bioscience, a University of Manchester Spinout, have developed a technology that can tap into the resources in crop chloroplast/mitochondrial genes, to rapidly breed climate-resilient and high-yielding crops within 1-2 years, with less resource investment than conventional solutions. For this project, Chlomita will demonstrate the capability of the technology by developing a mitochondrial trait leading to high-performing hybrid crops \>70% faster than currently available methods. Our solution will significantly reduce the breeding cost for seed companies and make high-performing seeds more affordable to farmers.

植物直接提供人类消费的食物的80％，是牲畜营养的主要来源。但是，环境因素，植物疾病和害虫不断威胁粮食供应的可用性。据估计，到2050年，世界人口将达到100亿，将食品的需求增加了70％（FOA）。随着耕地和气候变化的降级，当前的农业体系将难以满足这一需求。迫切需要更好的农作物品种可以承受气候变化和增加产量，因为当前的农作物品种的年收益率（约1.5％）无法满足2050年预期的全球粮食需求。叶绿体和线粒体是植物中的天然动力室，但由于缺乏有效的技术，许多农作物中没有得到改善。如果我们能够改善重要的叶绿体和线粒体基因（细胞质基因），我们可以迅速且便宜地开发安全，富有气候的，高产的农作物。曼彻斯特大学（Chlomita Bioscience 1 - 2年，资源投资少于常规解决方案。对于这个项目，Chlomita将通过开发线粒体性状，从而证明该技术的能力，从而导致高性能混合作物\> 70％的速度比当前可用的方法快70％。我们的解决方案将大大降低种子公司的繁殖成本，并使高性能种子对农民负担得起。