MOSS: A novel genetic technology for low-cost and rapid crop breeding in response to climate change and population booming

MOSS：一种用于低成本、快速作物育种的新型基因技术，以应对气候变化和人口激增

• 批准号: 10087723
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: CHLOMITA BIOSCIENCE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Collaborative R&D
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=10087723
• 关键词: MOSS; novel; genetic; technology; low

Plants directly provide over 80 % of the food consumed by humans and are the primary source of nutrition for livestock. However, environmental factors, plant diseases and pests constantly threaten the availability of food supply. The world population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050, increasing the demand for food by 70% (FOA). With the degradation of arable land and climate change, the current agricultural system will struggle to meet this demand. Better crop varieties that can withstand climate change and increase yield are urgently needed as the current annual yield gain (~1.5%) in crop varieties cannot meet the global food demand expected by 2050\. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the natural powerhouses in plants but have not been improved in many crops due to the lack of effective technology. If we can improve important chloroplasts and mitochondria genes (cytoplasmic genes), we can develop safe, climate-resilient, high-yielding crops rapidly and cheaply.Chlomita Bioscience, a University of Manchester Spinout, have developed a technology that can tap into the resources in crop chloroplast/mitochondrial genes, to rapidly breed climate-resilient and high-yielding crops within 1-2 years, with less resource investment than conventional solutions. For this project, Chlomita will demonstrate the capability of the technology by developing a mitochondrial trait leading to high-performing hybrid crops \>70% faster than currently available methods. Our solution will significantly reduce the breeding cost for seed companies and make high-performing seeds more affordable to farmers.

植物直接提供人类80%以上的食物，是牲畜营养的主要来源。然而，环境因素、植物病虫害不断威胁着粮食供应。到 2050 年，世界人口预计将达到 100 亿，粮食需求将增加 70% (FOA)。随着耕地退化和气候变化，当前的农业系统将难以满足这一需求。由于目前农作物品种的年产量增幅（约 1.5%）无法满足到 2050 年预计的全球粮食需求，因此迫切需要能够抵御气候变化并提高产量的更好的农作物品种。叶绿体和线粒体是植物中的天然动力源，但由于缺乏有效的技术，许多作物尚未得到改善。如果我们能够改善重要的叶绿体和线粒体基因（细胞质基因），我们就可以快速、廉价地开发安全、气候适应性强、高产的作物。曼彻斯特大学附属公司 Chlomita Bioscience 开发了一种可以利用资源的技术在作物叶绿体/线粒体基因中，在1-2年内快速培育出气候适应型高产作物，并且比传统解决方案所需的资源投入更少。在这个项目中，Chlomita 将通过开发线粒体性状来展示该技术的能力，从而使高性能杂交作物的生产速度比现有方法快 70% 以上。我们的解决方案将显着降低种子公司的育种成本，并使农民更负担得起高性能种子。