Genetic Technology Development and International Security Efforts

遗传技术发展和国际安全努力

基本信息

批准号：
2037269
负责人：
Noah Tamarkin
金额：
$ 15.88万
依托单位：
Cornell University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2037269&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Genetic Technology Development International Security

项目摘要

Genomics has become increasingly important for law and policing, as evidenced by the proliferation of national criminal DNA databases throughout the world. New national criminal DNA databases, once limited to high-income countries, are becoming widespread in middle-income countries and they are also beginning to be established in low-income countries. But DNA databases require infrastructural resources and expertise to implement and maintain. How are places that are marked by capacity challenges and conditions of scarcity establishing and running DNA databases under these conditions, and how might their strategies inform the global future of this phenomenon? How does DNA become transformed into something that is reliable and useful in national legal contexts and in international security efforts, and what are the consequences for how science and citizenship are lived and experienced? This research project will address these questions by investigating the intersection between genomics and law, related infrastructural investments, and the networks of people who must work together to transform genetic data into legally legible evidence.Dr. Noah Tamarkin of the Ohio State University, explores how the use of genetic technologies in criminal law might change experiences and forms of citizenship as well as social and cultural understandings of science and what constitutes reliable evidence. The research will investigate global criminal forensic genetics as an emerging citizenship formation with interconnected local, national, and transnational influences and implications. The research will take place in South Africa, a middle-income country that has just begun to implement a new law that creates an expansive national criminal DNA database for which the national police force will have primary responsibility. The project will use ethnographic methodologies to consider how a cross-section of people from diverse social and political backgrounds who have different forms of expertise and different ideas about the meaning of science and justice are brought together through their roles in enacting South Africa's investment in forensic genetics. The project will include police, forensic laboratories, courtrooms, and NGOs and private companies that contribute to forensic genetics training and advocacy. South Africa is an ideal case study because their national investment in genomics for law enforcement is new and actively taking place throughout the research period. South Africa's current investments raise important questions about the global scope and scale, and the local specificity and variation, of intersections between genomics and law. This research therefore offers an actively emerging view into how DNA comes to matter in new ways as it moves out of research laboratories and into a broader public sphere.

基因组学对法律和警务越来越重要，这是由全球国家犯罪DNA数据库的扩散所证明的。新的国家犯罪DNA数据库曾经仅限于高收入国家，在中等收入国家正在广泛，它们也开始在低收入国家建立。但是DNA数据库需要基础设施资源和专业知识才能实施和维护。在这些条件下建立和运行DNA数据库的能力挑战和条件标志的地方如何标记，以及他们的策略如何为这种现象的全球未来提供信息？ DNA如何转化为在国家法律背景和国际安全工作中可靠且有用的事物，对科学和公民身份的生活和经验如何有什么后果？该研究项目将通过调查基因组学与法律，相关基础设施投资之间的交集以及必须共同努力以将遗传数据转变为具有法律知识的证据的人们的网络来解决这些问题。俄亥俄州立大学的诺亚·塔玛金（Noah Tamarkin）探讨了在刑法中对遗传技术的使用如何改变公民身份的经验和形式，以及对科学的社会和文化理解以及什么构成可靠的证据。该研究将调查全球犯罪法医遗传学，作为新兴的公民身份与相互联系的地方，国家和跨国影响和含义。这项研究将在南非进行，这是一个刚刚开始实施一项新法律的中等收入国家，该法律创建了一个广泛的国家犯罪DNA数据库，国家警察部队将负责该数据库。该项目将利用人种学方法来考虑具有不同形式的专业知识和关于科学和正义意义的不同思想的各种社会和政治背景的人的横截面如何通过其在颁布南非投资法医投资中的作用而团结在一起遗传学。该项目将包括警察，法医实验室，法庭以及非政府组织以及为法医遗传学培训和倡导做出贡献的私人公司。南非是理想的案例研究，因为他们在执法基因组基因组学上的全国投资是新的，并且在整个研究期间都在积极进行。南非目前的投资提出了有关全球范围和规模以及基因组学与法律之间交集的当地特异性和差异的重要问题。因此，这项研究提供了一种积极的观点，即DNA如何从研究实验室移出并进入更广泛的公共领域，以新的方式变得重要。