Collaborative Research: RAPID: Do large recent wildfires in the Yukon River Delta alter the delivery of black carbon to the Arctic Ocean?

合作研究：RAPID：育空河三角洲最近发生的大规模野火是否会改变黑碳向北冰洋的输送？

• 批准号: 2300040
• 负责人: Robert Spencer
• 金额: $ 2.23万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2300040&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; Do; large

Wildfires produce charcoal, also termed black carbon, which is resistant to breakdown and is environmentally long-lived. A portion of this charred material is dissolved upon interaction with water and is carried away from soils to rivers as dissolved black carbon (DBC). A warmer and drier climate has led to increased wildfire activity in Arctic regions and it is unknown how these changes will affect the amount of DBC in rivers and its fate in the coastal environment. In the summer of 2022, the Apoon Pass and East Fork Fires burned 255,000 acres in the Yukon River Delta (Alaska, USA), part of a trend towards larger and more frequent wildfires in the Delta in recent years. The main goal of this project is to determine whether recent wildfire activity in the Delta leads to increased amounts of DBC along the Yukon River and estuary to the coastal Arctic Ocean. Results of this work will lay the groundwork for future, large-scale studies on fire-derived carbon in vulnerable Arctic watersheds. This project will support collaboration among two early career researchers and one graduate student with guidance from an experienced Arctic investigator.Pan-Arctic watersheds are experiencing increased fire activity as a result of climate change. The cumulative effects of wildfire (charcoal production, soil destabilization, change in hydrologic flow paths) on carbon export in major Arctic rivers is currently unknown. This project will determine whether large, recent wildfires within the Yukon River Delta have changed the distribution, composition, and total export of DBC along the Yukon River-to-Arctic Ocean continuum. To achieve this goal, new samples will be collected during the 2023 spring freshet and results compared to those obtained from archived 2019 freshet samples. We will employ a combination of molecular marker, stable carbon isotope, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectral techniques to evaluate wildfire-DBC relationships in the Yukon River Delta between low-fire (2019; ~10,000 acres burned) and high-fire (2023; 255,000 acres burned) years. This work builds upon other efforts to predict the effects of climate change on carbon cycling in Arctic-boreal landscapes and will assist in answering broad research questions regarding the behavior of DBC in intermediate reservoirs and fate of terrestrial organic matter in the coastal ocean.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

野火产生木炭，也称为黑碳，该碳易于崩溃，并且寿命长。这种烧焦的材料的一部分在与水相互作用后溶解，并随着溶解的黑碳（DBC）的形式从土壤到河流。温暖，更干燥的气候导致北极地区的野火活动增加，尚不清楚这些变化将如何影响河流中DBC及其在沿海环境中的命运的数量。在2022年夏天，Apoon Pass和East Fork大火在Yukon River Delta（美国阿拉斯加）燃烧了255,000英亩，这是近年来三角洲更大，更频繁的野火趋势的一部分。该项目的主要目标是确定三角洲的近期野火活动是否导致沿育空河和河口沿海北极海河口增加的DBC数量增加。这项工作的结果将为未来的大规模研究对脆弱的北极流域中的消防碳的大规模研究奠定基础。该项目将支持两名早期职业研究人员和一名研究生的合作，并在经验丰富的北极研究员的指导下进行。北极流域正在经历由于气候变化而增加的火灾活动。目前尚不清楚野火（木炭生产，土壤不稳定，水文流动路径的变化）对主要北极河中碳出口的累积影响。该项目将确定育空河三角洲最近的大型野火是否改变了育空河至北极海洋连续体的DBC的分布，组成和总出口。为了实现这一目标，将在2023年春季新鲜材料中收集新样本，并与从存档的2019 Freshet样品获得的结果相比。我们将采用分子标记，稳定的碳同位素和超高分辨率质谱技术的组合来评估Yukon河三角洲的野火DBC关系（2019年；燃烧约10,000英亩）和高火（2023; 2023; 255,000英亩燃烧）。这项工作以其他努力为基础，以预测气候变化对北极景观中碳循环的影响，并将有助于回答有关DBC在中间水库中的行为以及沿海海洋中陆地有机物的命运的广泛研究问题。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定任务和审查的范围，这表明了审查的范围，这是通过评估的范围来进行的。