Collaborative Research: NSFGEO-NERC: C-FORCE Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks from Response to Carbon Emissions

合作研究：NSFGEO-NERC：碳排放响应的 C-FORCE 碳循环反馈

• 批准号: 2244897
• 负责人: Sandra Turner
• 金额: $ 20.13万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-11-15 至 2027-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2244897&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NSFGEO; NERC; FORCE

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a global warming event roughly 56 million years ago. The PETM coincided with major volcanism, when opening of the North Atlantic Ocean led to the formation of the North Atlantic Igneous Province. However, it is not clear what fraction of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide across the PETM was caused by volcanism. It is also unclear whether carbon cycle feedbacks influenced the carbon dioxide increase. This project will use geophysical, geochemical, and numerical modeling techniques to quantify the net global carbon cycle feedbacks across the PETM. The project’s US participants will generate detailed new records of ocean chemistry and develop novel modeling strategies. Together, these will help determine whether volcanic emissions can explain the magnitude and pace of PETM environmental change. This project will support a postdoctoral researcher at UC Santa Cruz and will provide support and internship research opportunities for undergraduate students from UC Riverside. This is a project that is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate of Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget and the investigators associated with its own country.To address uncertainties in carbon cycle feedbacks on a warming planet, the project will measure how the global carbon cycle responded during a past period of global warming that was driven by emissions of carbon-based greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is the largest natural climate change event of the last 65 million years, and the closest natural analog to the modern rates of global warming and carbon greenhouse gas emissions. During the PETM, initial global warming of 4-5 degrees C over a few thousand years was partially driven by carbon emissions from an unusually massive episode of volcanism, and the climate then gradually recovered to its pre-existing state over more than 100 thousand years. The project will use a novel model of the global carbon cycle to compare the carbon supplied by volcanism with the total PETM carbon budget; the difference between these two budgets can be attributed to carbon cycle feedbacks. First, the project team will make new high-resolution estimates of the rate at which volcanism supplied carbon to the atmosphere throughout the PETM by measuring the processes that generated the magma. Next, new high-resolution records of ocean acidification will constrain calculations of the total budget of carbon emissions to the atmosphere that caused the climate change. Finally, carbon cycle modeling will allow the scientists who make these two sets of measurements to interface effectively to solve the net global carbon cycle feedback problem for the first time. Furthermore, because Earth's carbon reservoirs differ in isotopic composition, this project will fingerprint which reservoirs most likely acted as carbon sources or sinks over the course of the PETM.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

古新世-始新世最热期 (PETM) 是大约 5600 万年前的一次全球变暖事件，当时正值北大西洋的开放导致北大西洋火成岩省的形成。明确 PETM 大气二氧化碳增加的哪一部分是由火山活动引起的。还不清楚碳循环反馈是否影响了二氧化碳的增加。该项目将使用地球物理、地球化学和数值模拟。该项目的美国参与者将生成详细的海洋化学新记录并开发新颖的建模策略，这些技术将有助于确定火山排放是否可以解释 PETM 环境变化的程度和速度。该项目将支持加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的一名博士后研究员，并为加州大学河滨分校的本科生提供支持和实习研究机会。该项目由美国国家科学基金会地球科学理事会 (NSF/GEO) 和美国国家科学基金会 (NSF/GEO) 共同资助。国家的英国 (UK) 环境研究委员会 (NERC) 通过 NSF/GEO-NERC 牵头机构协议 该协议允许由调查人员比例最大的机构提交一份美国/英国联合提案并进行同行评审。成功联合确定资助后，每个机构将资助与其本国相关的预算和调查人员的比例。为了解决地球变暖的碳循环反馈的不确定性，该项目将衡量全球碳循环的情况。在过去的全球变暖期间做出了回应古新世-始新世最热事件 (PETM) 是过去 6500 万年来最大的自然气候变化事件，也是与现代全球变暖和碳温室效应最接近的自然模拟。在 PETM 期间，数千年来全球最初升温 4-5 摄氏度，部分原因是一次异常大规模的火山活动产生的碳排放，随后气候在多长时间内逐渐恢复到原来的状态。该项目将使用一种新颖的全球碳循环模型来比较火山活动提供的碳与总 PETM 碳预算；这两个预算之间的差异可归因于碳循环反馈。通过测量岩浆的产生过程，对火山活动向大气提供碳的速率进行新的高分辨率估计 接下来，新的海洋酸化的高分辨率记录将限制碳排放总预算的计算。最后，碳循环模型将使进行这两组测量的科学家能够首次有效地解决全球碳循环净反馈问题。此外，由于地球碳库的同位素不同。该项目将确定哪些水库在 PETM 过程中最有可能充当碳源或碳汇。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。