Collaborative Research: NSFGEO/NERC: After the cataclysm: cryptic degassing and delayed recovery in the wake of Large Igneous Province volcanism

合作研究：NSFGEO/NERC：灾难之后：大型火成岩省火山活动后的神秘脱气和延迟恢复

• 批准号: 2317936
• 负责人: Leif Karlstrom
• 金额: $ 77.31万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2028-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317936&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; NSFGEO; NERC; After

Large Igneous Province volcanism is associated with extraordinary mantle melting and voluminous eruptive episodes, which have been linked to major mass extinctions through the past half-billion years of Earth’s history. Significant research over the last three decades has brought the extreme nature of these events into focus. But controls on the nature and tempo of recovery after these catastrophic events remain unknown, despite implications for potential climate system tipping points. In particular, unexpectedly protracted periods of warm climate and delayed environmental and biological recovery following some Large Igneous Provinces underscore a fundamental lack of understanding of the gases released during the waning stages of these events and/or controls on global climate. This project will carry out a multi-disciplinary effort combining field observations; high-resolution records of volcanism, climate, weathering, and life; and numerical modeling to understand co-evolution of solid and surface Earth during perturbation and recovery. This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation’s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award recommendation, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget that supports scientists at institutions in their respective countries. This project is co-funded by the Directorate for Geosciences to support AI/ML advancement in the geosciences.This project addresses a fundamental unanswered question: what processes shape climate and biotic recovery from major Large Igneous Province-driven carbon cycle perturbations? The project aims to test the new overarching hypothesis that a large-scale transition in crustal rheology shuts down Large Igneous Province volcanism, but continued mantle melting drives cryptic Carbon Dioxide release and delays climate and biotic recovery. If correct, this hypothesis implies that cryptic degassing—Carbon Dioxide release through the crust decoupled from eruption rates—is a key, and previously unaccounted for, control on the climatic conditions and tempo characterizing recovery. To test this hypothesis, this project pursues four key scientific objectives: 1) development of high-resolution, multi-disciplinary records of volcanism and weathering, 2) coupling of models of mantle geodynamics, magma transport, and outgassing, 3) assimilation of records of past climate and weathering into climate-biogeochemical modeling to invert for outgassing fluxes and place top-down constraints on interior evolution, 4) integration of paleobiological databases with records and modeling of volcanism, climate and weathering to test factors shaping which types of organisms thrive beyond recovery. The project leverages three powerful natural laboratory Large Igneous Provinces and climate events, building from the youngest and best-resolved, the Columbia River Basalts and Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum; to the more voluminous North Atlantic Igneous Province, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; and finally to the Siberian Traps, catastrophic end-Permian mass extinction, and early Triassic hothouse. The project will carry out a sustained outreach/inreach effort in northeastern Oregon, the epicenter of Columbia River Basalt volcanism and site of project field work. Activities aim to humanize science and enhance education through engagement of rural communities. Project PIs and students will engage school-age children in Oregon and New Jersey, and global Large Igneous Province researchers through: a data portal and set of virtual field trips; Large Igneous Provinces for Kids programming in the form of visits to Wallowa county schools and ‘Write a Scientist’ correspondences with project scientists; and a field forum at the mid-point of the project that will welcome the Large Igneous Province community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

大型火山省的火山省与非凡的地幔熔化和巨大的爆发事件有关，这与在地球历史的过去五十亿年中一直与重大质量扩展有关。在过去的三十年中，重大研究使这些事件的极端性质成为了重点。但是，这些灾难性事件后，对恢复性质和速度的控制仍然未知，目的地对潜在气候系统倾斜点的影响。特别是，在一些大火成点省份的温暖气候和延迟的环境和生物恢复的时期，在基本上缺乏对这些事件衰落阶段中释放的气体和/或对全球气候控制的控制阶段中释放的气体的理解。该项目将进行结合现场观察的多学科努力；火山，气候，风化和生命的高分辨率记录；和数值建模，以了解摄动和恢复过程中固体和表面地球的共同进化。这是一个由国家科学基金会地球科学局（NSF/GEO）和英国国家环境研究委员会（NERC）共同资助的项目，该项目通过NSF/GEO-GEO-NERC领先机构协议。该协议允许该机构提交和同行评审的一项联合提案，其调查员的预算比例最大。成功确定奖励建议后，每个机构都资助了支持各自国家机构的科学家的预算比例。该项目是由地球科学局共同资助的，以支持地球科学中的AI/ML进步。该项目解决了一个基本的未解决的问题：哪些过程塑造了来自大型大型火成岩省驱动的碳循环的大型气候和生物恢复？该项目旨在检验新的总体假设，即地壳流变学中的大规模过渡关闭了大火成岩省火山，但继续熔化的融化驱动器驱动了加密二氧化碳的释放，并延迟了气候和生物恢复。如果正确的话，该假设意味着加密脱水 - 二氧化碳通过与喷发速率解耦的二氧化碳释放 - 是关键，以前没有责备，对杂物条件的控制以及表征恢复的节奏。为了检验这一假设，该项目追求四个关键的科学目标：1）发展高分辨率，多学科的火山和风化记录，2）地幔地球动力学的模型，MAGMA运输，Magma Transport and Demagasting的模型耦合，3）同化，3）以过去的气候模型和范围内的范围内的范围和范围内的范围，以使其在气候模型中遍布腹部，以使其范围内的模型范围内的范围内置，以使其上面的建模范围内置为中心。内部进化，4）古生物学数据库与记录以及火山，气候和风化的建模，以测试哪种生物类型的生物超越恢复的繁荣。该项目利用了三个强大的天然实验室大型火成岩省和气候事件，这些省份是根据最年轻，最佳分辨率的，哥伦比亚河玄武岩和中新世中期气候最佳的建设；到北大西洋火成岩省，古新世 - 欧新新世的热量最大和早期始新世气候最佳的最大范围；最后，到西伯利亚陷阱，灾难性的终点 - 珀密亚质量扩展和早期的三叠纪hothouse。该项目将在俄勒冈州东北部进行持续的外展/INREACH努力，俄勒冈州东北部是哥伦比亚河玄武岩火山主义的中心和项目现场工作的地点。活动旨在通过农村社区的参与来人性化科学并增强教育。 PIS和学生将与俄勒冈州和新泽西州的学龄儿童以及全球大型火成岩省研究人员互动：数据门户和一组虚拟实地考察；大型火成岩省的儿童编程研究人员以访问Walloa Count学校的形式进行编程，并与项目科学家“撰写科学家”信件；以及该项目中点的一个现场论坛，将欢迎大型火成岩省社区。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来诚实地支持。