Collaborative Research: MRI: Development of Apparatus for the Cold Molecule Nuclear Time-Reversal EXperiment (CeNTREX)

合作研究：MRI：冷分子核时间反转实验装置（CeNTREX）的开发

• 批准号: 2240234
• 负责人: David DeMille
• 金额: $ 51.25万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2240234&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; MRI; Development; Apparatus; Collaborative; Research; MRI; Development; Apparatus

This project will support the purchase of equipment and parts needed to construct the apparatus for a new experiment known as CeNTREX, the Cold molecule Nuclear Time-Reversal experiment. CeNTREX is a collaborative effort to detect evidence for new types of fundamental forces and particles, through precise measurements of magnetic resonance signals from nuclei embedded in the polar molecule thallium fluoride. The goal of the CeNTREX experiment is to detect a particular deformation in the shape of an atomic nucleus, known as a nuclear Schiff Moment. This will advance the progress of science because a Schiff Moment along the spin axis of a nucleus can arise only in the presence of fundamental interactions that are not symmetric under reversal of the direction of time. Interactions of this type can be mediated by new, as-yet undetected, particles that are predicted to occur in some theoretical models that extend the current Standard Model of particle physics. A Schiff Moment of size large enough to be detected with the projected sensitivity CeNTREX could indicate the existence of new particles with mass well above that of the heaviest known particles - and even beyond the reach of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Hence, CeNTREX will provide one of the few known ways to search for physics beyond the Standard Model associated with particles too massive to be created at the LHC. An experiment with the fundamental discovery potential of CeNTREX can also capture the interest of the general public and raise the level of excitement about science. In addition, design and construction of the CeNTREX apparatus will provide opportunities for training several young scientists in instrumentation development. This type of precision measurement science exposes students to a wide range of intellectual and technical subfields, and provides unusually broad training in experimental physics that benefits development of the scientific workforce of the nation.The existence of an asymmetric charge distribution such as an electric dipole moment (EDM) or a Schiff moment (SM) along a particle's angular momentum axis requires violation of time reversal (T) symmetry, which is equivalent to the more widely-discussed phenomenon of CP violation. Observation of an EDM or SM within a few orders of magnitude of current limits would be evidence for phenomena outside the Standard Model of particle physics theory. Furthermore, there are strong motivations from particle theory and cosmology to expect an EDM or SM in this experimentally-accessible range. Discovery of an EDM or SM could illuminate the mechanism responsible for the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, which remains one of the grand challenges of cosmology and particle physics. Moreover, new physics at the TeV scale (the range of energy not being explored at the LHC), carrying new CP-violating phases, naturally give rise to EDM and SM near the current experimental limits. Hence any advance in sensitivity to SMs pushes the frontier of particle physics in a manner complementary to current efforts at the Large Hadron Collider. The CeNTREX apparatus will be developed by integrating a wide array of subsystems - many custom designed and built - including vacuum systems, a molecular beam source, lasers, optical control and detection systems, microwave control and transmission systems, precise magnetic field measurement and control systems, and high voltage systems. The conceptual design of CeNTREX builds from recent advances using the properties of diatomic molecules to amplify signals due to new fundamental forces, and in precisely detecting and manipulating molecules. This novel apparatus will use a cryogenic beam of diatomic molecules to make the world's most sensitive measurement of a SM. Detailed estimates of the first-generation measurement using CeNTREX are projected to yield a 30-fold increase in sensitivity, relative to the current state of the art, to certain types of time-reversal symmetry violating interactions that could be responsible for the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将支持购买设备和构造设备所需的零件的新实验所需的零件，称为Centrex，即冷分子核时间反转实验。 CentRex是通过精确测量嵌入极性分子氟化物硫化物的核的磁共振信号来检测新型基本力和颗粒的证据的协作努力。 CentRex实验的目的是检测特定的变形原子核的形状，称为核席夫力矩。这将推动科学的进步，因为沿核的旋转轴的Schiff力矩只有在存在时间方向的基本相互作用的存在下才会出现。这种类型的相互作用可以由新的，尚未检测到的粒子介导，这些粒子被预测在某些扩展粒子物理的当前标准模型的理论模型中发生。大小足够大的Schiff矩可以用投影灵敏度的Centrex检测到，可能表明存在质量远高于最重的已知颗粒的新粒子，甚至超出了大型强子对撞机（LHC）的范围。 因此，CentRex将提供少数已知的方法之一，用于搜索与粒子相关的标准模型以外的物理学，而不是在LHC上创建的物理模型。 对Centrex的基本发现潜力的实验也可以吸引公众的兴趣，并提高对科学的兴奋程度。此外，Centrex设备的设计和建造将为培训几位年轻科学家进行仪器开发提供机会。这种精确的测量科学使学生暴露了各种智力和技术子领域，并在实验物理学中提供了异常广泛的培训，使国家的发展发展。 CP违规现象广泛讨论。 在当前极限的几个数量级内观察EDM或SM将是粒子物理理论标准模型之外现象的证据。 此外，从粒子理论和宇宙学中有强烈的动机期望在实验可访问的范围内具有EDM或SM。 EDM或SM的发现可能会阐明负责观察到的宇宙物质抗对称性的机制，这仍然是宇宙学和粒子物理学的巨大挑战之一。 此外，在TEV量表（在LHC上未探索的能量范围），携带新的CP侵入阶段的新物理学自然会引起EDM和SM在当前的实验限制附近。 因此，对SMS敏感的任何进步都以与当前大型强子对撞机的当前努力相辅相成的方式推动了粒子物理的前沿。 Centrex设备将通过整合多种子系统（包括真空系统，分子束源，激光，光学控制和检测系统，微波控制和传输系统，精确的磁场测量和控制磁场测量和控制系统以及高压系统）来开发。 CentRex的概念设计是通过使用双原子分子的特性来扩大信号的最新进展，并确切地检测和操纵分子。 这个新颖的设备将使用硅质分子的低温束来使世界对SM的最敏感测量。 预计使用CentRex对第一代测量的详细估计值预计，相对于艺术的当前状态，敏感性提高了30倍，以违反某些类型的时间反向对称性，违反了互动，这些交互可能导致宇宙学问题 - 抗议机对宇宙中的宇宙宣传奖，以反映了NSF的范围范围，这反映了NSF的构建范围，并且是由NSF的规定构建的构建，并且是跨国公司的规定。影响审查标准。