Collaborative Research: A Multi-Wavelength Observational and Theoretical Study of the Fastest Evolving Stellar Explosions

合作研究：最快演化恒星爆炸的多波长观测和理论研究

• 批准号: 2221789
• 负责人: Raffaella Margutti
• 金额: $ 47.15万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2221789&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multi; Wavelength; Observational

A new class of fast-rising astronomical events with bright X-ray and radio emission was discovered in 2018. Part of the class known as Fast and Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs), these events are significantly brighter than a supernova (SN), or exploding star, but brighten within a few days, much faster than the tens of days typical for supernovae. They are believed to be powered by a newly-born black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS), which is a very compact type of star. A research team between Northwestern University and the University of Chicago will study these FBOTs with a combination of telescope observations and theoretical investigations. The researchers expect to observe about five FBOTs per year from NSF-funded astronomical survey telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility, enabling them to understand what kind of stars become FBOTs and how compact objects like neutron stars and black holes are formed. The investigators will integrate their research with three educational programs: (i) providing summer research opportunities to under-represented minority and women undergraduates; (ii) work with Chicago-area high school teachers to develop curricular material on stellar explosions for their classes; and (iii) work with visually impaired scientists and professional musicians to translate astronomical measurements into sound. Recent technological advances have revolutionized the investigative power of optical Astronomical Transient surveys (e.g. PanSTARRS and PTF), which allowed the exploration of uncharted territories of the parameter space, and led to the discovery of new types of transients. As the research team showed in their recent study of the Astronomical Transient AT 2018cow, the large FBOT luminosities -- reaching peak luminosities of ~4 X 10^44 erg/s -- and extremely short rise-times of a few days - rule out traditional SN models powered by the radioactive decay of 56Ni , imply small ejecta masses of 0.1 to 0.5 solar masses, and point at the presence of a central engine in the form of a newly-born NS or BH powering the transient's display. The radio-to-X-ray emission from an FBOT provides an unparalleled opportunity to study BHs and NSs at the time of their formation, a phase of evolution that has been hidden to our eyes so far. The research program uniquely combines the strengths of panchromatic observations of FBOTs and a theoretical investigation of the non-thermal properties of the transients informed by ab-initio Particle-In-Cell simulations, with the immediate goals to (i) shed light on the nature of FBOTs stellar progenitors; (ii) provide critical insight onto the process of formation of compact objects and their properties at the time of birth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在2018年发现了一类新的具有明亮X射线和无线电发射的快速升高的天文事件。这些班级的一部分被称为快速和蓝色的光学瞬变（FBOT），这些事件明显比超新星（SN）或爆炸之星更明显，但在几天之内亮了几天，比典型的超级诺夫夫妇更快。 据信它们由新生的黑洞（BH）或中子星（NS）提供动力，这是一种非常紧凑的恒星。西北大学和芝加哥大学之间的研究小组将通过望远镜观察和理论研究结合研究这些FBOT。 研究人员预计，NSF资助的天文调查望远镜（例如Zwicky Transient设施）每年约有五个FBOT，使他们能够了解哪些恒星成为FBOTS，以及如何形成中子星和黑洞等紧凑物体。 调查人员将将他们的研究与三个教育计划融合：（i）提供夏季研究的机会，以使代表不足的少数民族和妇女本科生； （ii）与芝加哥地区的高中老师合作，​​为他们的课程开发出色的爆炸式课程材料； （iii）与视力障碍的科学家和专业音乐家一起工作，将天文测量转化为声音。最近的技术进步彻底改变了光学天文瞬态调查（例如Panstarrs和PTF）的调查能力，该调查允许探索参数空间的未知领域，并导致发现了新型瞬态。 As the research team showed in their recent study of the Astronomical Transient AT 2018cow, the large FBOT luminosities -- reaching peak luminosities of ~4 X 10^44 erg/s -- and extremely short rise-times of a few days - rule out traditional SN models powered by the radioactive decay of 56Ni , imply small ejecta masses of 0.1 to 0.5 solar masses, and point at the presence of a central engine in the form of a新生的NS或BH为瞬态显示器提供动力。 FBOT的无线电对X射线发射为研究BHS和NS的形成时提供了无与伦比的机会，这是迄今为止我们眼中隐藏的进化阶段。该研究计划独特地结合了FBOT的全球性观察的优势以及对Ab-Initio粒子中粒子模拟所告知的瞬态非热特性的理论研究，并直接实现了（i）对fbots恒星祖先的性质的启示； （ii）在出生时对紧凑型物体及其属性形成的过程提供了批判性见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估的评估来支持的。

项目成果

The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: W. Jacobson-Galán;P. Venkatraman;R. Margutti;D. Khatami;G. Terreran;R. Foley;R. Angulo;C. Angus;K. Auchettl;P. Blanchard;A. Bobrick;J. Bright;D. Brout;K. Chambers;C. Couch;D. Coulter;K. Clever;K. Davis;T. D. de Boer;L. DeMarchi;S. Dodd;D. Jones;J. Johnson;C. Kilpatrick;N. Khetan;Z. Lai;D. Langeroodi;C.-C. Lin-C.;E. Magnier;D. Milisavljevic;H. Perets;J. Pierel;J. Raymond;S. Rest;A. Rest;R. Ridden-Harper;K. Shen;M. Siebert;C. Smith;Kirsty Taggart;S. Tinyanont;F. Valdes;V. Villar;Q. Wang;S. Yadavalli;Y. Zenati;A. Zenteno

A Mildly Relativistic Outflow Launched Two Years after Disruption in Tidal Disruption Event AT2018hyz

潮汐扰乱事件 AT2018hyz 扰乱两年后启动了温和的相对论流出

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac88d0
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Cendes, Y.;Berger, E.;Alexander, K. D.;Gomez, S.;Hajela, A.;Chornock, R.;Laskar, T.;Margutti, R.;Metzger, B.;Bietenholz, M. F.
• 通讯作者: Bietenholz, M. F.

Radio and X-Ray Observations of the Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient AT 2020xnd

发光快蓝光瞬变的无线电和 X 射线观测 AT 2020xnd

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4506
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Bright, Joe S.;Margutti, Raffaella;Matthews, David;Brethauer, Daniel;Coppejans, Deanne;Wieringa, Mark H.;Metzger, Brian D.;DeMarchi, Lindsay;Laskar, Tanmoy;Romero, Charles
• 通讯作者: Romero, Charles

Short GRB Host Galaxies. II. A Legacy Sample of Redshifts, Stellar Population Properties, and Implications for Their Neutron Star Merger Origins

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac91d1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Nugent;W. Fong;Y. Dong 董;J. Leja;E. Berger;M. Zevin;R. Chornock;B. Cobb;L. Kelley;C. Kilpatrick;A. Levan;R. Margutti;K. Paterson;D. Perley;A. R. Escorial;N. Smith;N. Tanvir

Seven Years of Coordinated Chandra–NuSTAR Observations of SN 2014C Unfold the Extreme Mass-loss History of Its Stellar Progenitor

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b14
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: D. Brethauer;R. Margutti;D. Milisavljevic;M. Bietenholz;R. Chornock;D. Coppejans;F. Colle;A. Hajela-A.