OPUS: The Biotic Challenge Hypothesis, an Eco-evolutionary Mechanism for Tropical Diversity

OPUS：生物挑战假说，热带多样性的生态进化机制

• 批准号: 2147043
• 负责人: Thomas Sherry
• 金额: $ 17.83万
• 依托单位: Tulane University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2147043&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: OPUS; Biotic; Challenge; Hypothesis; Eco

The staggering diversity of tropical organisms and their species interactions have inhibited generalizations about how this diversity arose and how species coexist. Generalizations based on simple communities and ecological models fail to scale-up adequately to encompass the most species-rich terrestrial assemblages, especially those in the New World tropics (Neotropics). Review of the vast diversity of traits among neotropical insect-feeding birds and their prey inspired the Biotic Challenge Hypothesis, which asserts that as tropical habitats accumulated diverse species over tens of millions of years, intense competition and predation necessitated the evolution of many unique and specialized adaptations. How this process might have increased the evolution of new traits and species, and also the fragility of tropical systems, is inadequately articulated. This project posits that interactions among species, especially predation and competition for resources are essential to understanding the evolution of hyper-diverse tropical communities and current threats. A key broader impact of this project will be to explore why tropical species are so sensitive to global change threats and thus require more effective conservation and management strategies. Other broader impacts include the creation and dissemination of a publicly available database, training students with diverse backgrounds, and production of materials for a range of audiences. The Biotic Challenge Hypothesis integrates two evolutionary species interactions, coevolutionary arms races between predators and their prey, and diffuse competition involving dozens of often phylogenetically unrelated species. These interactions necessitated feeding specializations to find, subdue, and process prey; and energetically conservative physiologies. A tradeoff (cost) of these specializations is poor dispersal ability, augmenting both geographic differentiation within species and speciation rate, the latter positively reinforcing tropical species diversity. This project will explore in detail how the dynamic interactions among predators, prey, and competitors has driven diversification in many animal and plant assemblages, including birds and their insect prey, tropical plants and their enemies, and plant-animal mutualisms. The most important broader impact is a book that elaborates the causes and consequences of the Biotic Challenge Hypothesis, especially as it relates to the evolution of ecological specialization and poor dispersal. Both of these outcomes exacerbate the sensitivity of tropical species to many global change impacts including declining insect populations. Other broader impacts include training an undergraduate and an early graduate student to produce a database of avian prey data, on which many inferences in the book are based; and disseminating the findings and concepts to broad audiences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带生物及其物种相互作用的惊人多样性阻碍了对这种多样性如何产生以及物种如何共存的概括。基于简单群落和生态模型的概括无法充分扩大范围以涵盖物种最丰富的陆地组合，特别是新世界热带地区的陆地组合。对新热带食虫鸟类及其猎物的巨大多样性特征的回顾激发了生物挑战假说，该假说认为，随着热带栖息地在数千万年的时间里积累了多样化的物种，激烈的竞争和捕食使得许多独特和专门的物种的进化成为必要。适应。这一过程如何促进新性状和物种的进化，以及热带系统的脆弱性，目前尚不清楚。该项目认为，物种之间的相互作用，特别是捕食和资源竞争对于了解高度多样化的热带群落的演变和当前的威胁至关重要。该项目的一个更广泛的关键影响将是探索为什么热带物种对全球变化威胁如此敏感，因此需要更有效的保护和管理策略。其他更广泛的影响包括创建和传播公开数据库、培训具有不同背景的学生以及为各种受众制作材料。生物挑战假说整合了两种进化物种的相互作用、捕食者与其猎物之间的共同进化军备竞赛，以及涉及数十个通常在系统发育上不相关的物种的扩散竞争。这些相互作用需要喂养专门化来寻找、制服和处理猎物。和积极保守的生理学。这些专业化的权衡（成本）是分散能力差，增加了物种内的地理差异和物种形成率，后者积极增强了热带物种多样性。该项目将详细探讨捕食者、猎物和竞争对手之间的动态相互作用如何推动许多动植物组合的多样化，包括鸟类及其昆虫猎物、热带植物及其天敌以及动植物互利共生。最重要的更广泛的影响是一本详细阐述了生物挑战假说的原因和后果的书，特别是因为它与生态专业化的演变和不良扩散有关。这两种结果都加剧了热带物种对许多全球变化影响（包括昆虫数量下降）的敏感性。其他更广泛的影响包括培训一名本科生和一名早期研究生来创建鸟类猎物数据数据库，书中的许多推论都基于该数据库；该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Extensions and limitations of MacArthur (1958): A review of ecological and evolutionary approaches to competition and diet in the New World wood warblers (Parulidae)

麦克阿瑟的扩展和限制（1958）：对新世界林莺（Parulidae）竞争和饮食的生态和进化方法的回顾

• DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukac010
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Ornithology
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Sherry, Thomas W;Kent, Cody M
• 通讯作者: Kent, Cody M

Current methods and future directions in avian diet analysis

禽类饮食分析的当前方法和未来方向

• DOI: 10.1093/ornithology/ukab077
• 发表时间: 2021-12-03
• 期刊: Ornithology
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Br;on D. Hoenig;on;Allison M. Snider;A. Forsman;K. Hobson;S. Latta;E. Miller;M. Polito;Luke L. Powell;Samantha L Rogers;T. Sherry;D. P. Toews;A. Welch;S. Taylor;B. Porter
• 通讯作者: B. Porter

High resource overlap and small dietary differences are widespread in food‐limited warbler (Parulidae) communities

在食物有限的莺（Parulidae）群落中，高度资源重叠和较小的饮食差异普遍存在

• DOI: 10.1111/ibi.13006
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Ibis
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Kent, Cody M.;Huh, Kyu Min;Hunter, Sarah Chieko;Judson, Kathryn;Powell, Luke L.;Sherry, Thomas W.
• 通讯作者: Sherry, Thomas W.