Collaborative Research: ANT LIA: Cumacean -Omics to Measure Mode of Adaptation to Antarctica (COMMAA)

合作研究：ANT LIA：Cumacean -测量南极适应模式的组学（COMMAA）

• 批准号: 2138993
• 负责人: Sarah Gerken
• 金额: $ 35.85万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Anchorage Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2138993&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ANT; LIA; Cumacean

Part I: General descriptionCumaceans are small crustaceans, commonly known as comma shrimp, that live in muddy or sandy bottom environments in marine waters. Cumaceans are important for the diet of fish, birds, and even grey whales. This research program is assessing cumacean diversity and adaptation in different regions of Antarctica and evaluate this organisms adaptations using molecular methods to a changing Antarctic region. The research stands to significantly advance understanding of invertebrate adaptations to cold, stable habitats and responses to changes in those habitats. In addition, this project is advancing understanding of the biology of Cumacea, a globally diverse and biologically important group of animals. Targeted training of early career students and professionals in cumacean biology, molecular techniques, and bioinformatics is included as part of the program. A workshop at the Los Angeles County Natural History Museum will also train 10 additional graduate students, with a focus on training for underrepresented groups. Project outreach also includes social media, outreach to schools in very diverse school districts in Anchorage, AK, and creation of museum events and an exhibit at the Alabama Museum of Natural History. Finally, engagement by the team in activities related to the National Ocean Science Bowl promotes broad engagement with high school students for Antarctic science learning. Part II: Technical DescriptionThe overarching goal of this research is to use cumaceans as a model system to explore invertebrate adaptations to the changing Antarctic. This project is leveraging integrative taxonomy, functional, comparative and evolutionary genomics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to understand the true diversity of Cumacea in the Antarctic. The team is identifying genes and gene families experiencing expansions, selection, or significant differential expression, generating a broadly sampled and robust phylogenetic framework for the Antarctic Cumacea based on transcriptomes and genomes, and exploring rates and timing of diversification. The project is providing important information related to gene gain/loss, positive selection, and differential gene expression as a function of adaptation of organisms to Antarctic habitats. Phylogenomic analyses is providing a robust phylogenetic framework for understudied Southern Ocean Cumacea. At the start of this project, only one Antarctic transcriptome was published for this organism. This project is generating sequenced genomes from 8 species, about 250 transcriptomes from about 70 species, and approximately 470 COI and 16S amplicon barcodes from about 100 species. Curated morphological reference collections will be deposited at the Smithsonian, Los Angeles County Natural History Museum and in the New Zealand National Water and Atmospheric Research collection at Greta Point to assist future researchers in identification of Antarctic cumaceans. Beyond the immediate scope of the current project, the genomic resources will be able to be leveraged by members of the polar biology and invertebrate zoology communities for diverse other uses ranging from PCR primer development to inference of ancestral population sizes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：概述 库马类动物是小型甲壳类动物，俗称逗号虾，生活在海水泥泞或沙质底部环境中。 Cumaceans 对鱼类、鸟类甚至灰鲸的饮食都很重要。该研究计划正在评估南极洲不同地区的 cumacean 多样性和适应能力，并使用分子方法评估这种生物体对不断变化的南极地区的适应能力。这项研究将显着增进对无脊椎动物对寒冷、稳定栖息地的适应以及对这些栖息地变化的反应的了解。此外，该项目正在增进对库马西亚生物学的了解，库马西亚是一个全球多样化且具有重要生物学意义的动物群。该计划的一部分包括对早期职业学生和专业人员进行黄瓜生物学、分子技术和生物信息学的有针对性的培训。洛杉矶县自然历史博物馆还将举办一个讲习班，另外培训 10 名研究生，重点是针对代表性不足的群体的培训。项目外展还包括社交媒体、对阿拉巴马州安克雷奇不同学区学校的外展，以及举办博物馆活动和在阿拉巴马自然历史博物馆举办展览。最后，该团队参与与国家海洋科学碗相关的活动，促进了高中生广泛参与南极科学学习。第二部分：技术描述这项研究的总体目标是使用 cumaceans 作为模型系统来探索无脊椎动物对不断变化的南极洲的适应。该项目利用综合分类学、功能、比较和进化基因组学以及系统发育比较方法来了解南极库马亚的真正多样性。该团队正在识别经历扩展、选择或显着差异表达的基因和基因家族，根据转录组和基因组为南极 Cumacea 生成广泛采样和强大的系统发育框架，并探索多样化的速率和时间。该项目提供与基因获得/丢失、正选择和差异基因表达相关的重要信息，作为生物体适应南极栖息地的功能。系统发育分析为尚未得到充分研究的南大洋 Cumacea 提供了强大的系统发育框架。在该项目开始时，仅发表了该生物体的一个南极转录组。该项目正在生成 8 个物种的测序基因组、约 70 个物种的约 250 个转录组以及约 100 个物种的约 470 个 COI 和 16S 扩增子条形码。精心策划的形态学参考藏品将存放在史密森尼洛杉矶县自然历史博物馆和位于格雷塔角的新西兰国家水和大气研究藏品中，以帮助未来的研究人员识别南极美洲动物。除了当前项目的直接范围之外，极地生物学和无脊椎动物学界的成员将能够利用基因组资源用于各种其他用途，从 PCR 引物开发到祖先种群规模的推断。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，并被认为值得支持。