Collaborative Research: Constraining transient magma intrusion processes in the Nyiragongo-Kivu continental rift zone

合作研究：限制尼拉贡戈-基伍大陆裂谷带的瞬时岩浆侵入过程

基本信息

批准号：
2151005
负责人：
Christelle Wauthier
金额：
$ 15.68万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2151005&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Constraining transient magma

项目摘要

On 22 May 2021, a very large and destructive volcanic eruption occurred along the southern flank of Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), killing at least 30 people and causing substantial threat and damage near and in the city of Goma, affecting approximately a million people. Early satellite imagery showed that a segment of an underground magmatic rift began opening further southward and across the border into Rwanda, damaging homes and farmland, and creating further risk as it continued below the northern half of Lake Kivu, bounding Rwanda and the DRC. Continued rifting beneath the lake presents an additional risk of causing a massive and rapid release of carbon dioxide that could gravely threaten nearby populations (a similar event in Lake Nyos in western Africa killed over 1700 people in 1986). This project will investigate the interactions between magmatic movement in the subsurface and earthquake faulting during and following the 2021 sequence to aid in developing a stronger understanding of the mechanics and behavior of rifting and the hazards they pose in such environments. To do this the project will address key scientific questions to develop a better understanding of the magmatic and faulting evolution over time and gaining insight into some of the critical processes that govern changes in eruptive behavior. The project will create detailed images of earthquake activity along active faults, as well as magmatic material pathways using geophysical tools. The geologic processes learned here will aid in understanding this and future potentially dangerous rifting events elsewhere in East-Africa and in the US. The research performed through this proposal will fund fieldwork for one Kenyan and two US-based Rwandan graduate students and four Rwanda-based students enrolled in graduate studies at the East African Institute for Fundamental Research (EAIFR). The research and educational partnerships with EAIFR, University of Rwanda, and Goma Volcano Observatory will help to foster improved collaborations between US and central-African scientists, extractive industry, emergency managers and diplomats from the Kivu rift region, and help to inform planners regarding natural hazards. The work in the region will assist with real-time monitoring, hazard assessment and mitigation, and contribute to the training of at least seven African scientists. A Tulane student will be recruited from a cohort of formerly incarcerated women.The project will collect detailed land-deformation, seismic, and electromagnetic signals information to examine the time-history and extent of continued deformation following the Lake Kivu rifting event, as well as cumulative effects of 12 million years of deformation and magmatic buildup. The project will maintain a temporary continuous network of 7 GPS/GNSS stations (for land-deformation measurement) and 9 seismometers, including 2 that were installed during the intrusion event. The new and permanent seismic stations and 25 magnetotelluric imaging sites (electromagnetic measurements) will enable determination of lateral variations in physical properties of the crust, and the degree of magmatic modification. The project too will collect and evaluate satellite-based Synthetic Aperture Radar information to further constrain deformation over time. The data will aid in kinematic and physics-based modeling of the evolution of the young continental rift system. The information gained here will help to illuminate the process of magma migration in these environments, their interaction with the fractured, intruded, and heated crust, and their dynamic relationship with induced earthquake activity. Data from the GPS/GNSS and seismic networks will be available globally, and colleagues in Rwanda will be provided with access to software for rapid analysis for emergency response. This project is supported by the Geophysics and Petrology/Geochemistry Programs in the Division of Earth Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2021年5月22日，刚果民主共和国（DRC）的Nyiragongo山的南部侧面发生了一次非常大而破坏性的火山喷发，杀死了至少30人，并在戈马市附近及其造成了重大威胁和损害，影响了大约一百万人。早期的卫星图像表明，一部分地下岩浆裂谷开始向南开放，并越过边界进入卢旺达，破坏了房屋和农田，并在卢旺达湖北半部以下，在卢旺达湖北半部延伸，造成了进一步的风险。继续在湖下裂开的风险是导致二氧化碳迅速释放的额外风险，可能会严重威胁到附近的人口（1986年，西非纽约湖的1700多人丧生）。该项目将调查在2021序列期间和之后的地下和地震断层中的岩浆运动之间的相互作用，以帮助对裂谷的力学和行为有更深入的了解以及它们在这种环境中构成的危害。为此，该项目将解决关键的科学问题，以更好地了解随着时间的流逝的岩浆和断层进化，并深入了解控制喷发行为变化的一些关键过程。该项目将使用地球物理工具创建沿活动断层以及岩浆材料途径的详细图像。这里学到的地质过程将有助于理解东非和美国其他地方的这一和未来的潜在危险的裂谷事件。通过该提案进行的研究将为一名肯尼亚人和两名位于美国的卢旺达研究生和四名基于卢旺达的学生提供现场工作，并在东非基础研究所（EAIFR）招收研究生学习。与EAIFR，卢旺达大学和戈马火山天文台的研究和教育伙伴关系将有助于促进我们与中美洲科学家，挖掘行业，急救经理和来自基沃裂谷地区的外交官之间的合作，并帮助计划人员就自然危害提供信息。该地区的工作将有助于实时监测，危害评估和缓解，并为至少七位非洲科学家的培训做出贡献。将从以前被监禁的妇女组中招募一名图兰学生。该项目将收集详细的土地信息，地震和电磁信号信息，以检查Kivu Lifting湖林中的持续变形事件的时间历史和持续变形的程度，以及累积的变形和Magmatic构建的累积影响。该项目将维持7个GPS/GNSS站的临时连续网络（用于土地信息测量）和9个地震米，其中包括在入侵事件中安装的2个。新的和永久的地震站和25个磁铁成像位点（电磁测量）将确定地壳物理性质的横向变化以及岩浆修饰的程度。该项目也将收集和评估基于卫星的合成孔径雷达信息，以进一步限制变形。这些数据将有助于基于运动学和物理学的幼年裂谷系统的演变建模。这里获得的信息将有助于照亮这些环境中岩浆迁移的过程，它们与破裂，侵入和加热地壳的相互作用，以及它们与诱发的地震活动的动态关系。来自GPS/GNSS和地震网络的数据将在全球范围内获取，卢旺达的同事将提供对紧急响应的快速分析的软件访问权限。该项目得到了地球科学部的地球物理学和质学/地球化学计划的支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来获得支持。