Modeling of Crater Floor Deformation in Relationship with Lava Lake Activity

火山口底变形与熔岩湖活动关系的建模

基本信息

批准号：
1923943
负责人：
Christelle Wauthier
金额：
$ 19.98万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1923943&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Modeling Crater Floor Deformation Relationship

项目摘要

Volcanoes create natural hazards (lava flows, ash plumes, earthquakes etc.) that can pose risk to the local population and economy. This project aims to better understand how volcanoes work and forecast future eruptions, knowing where and how much magma is located beneath the volcano. Magma conduits and storage areas beneath a volcano constitute the magma plumbing system. Lava lakes offer a unique window into the superficial part of a magma plumbing system. However, only a few volcanoes on Earth host a lava lake (semi-) permanently. Nyiragongo Volcano in the Democratic Republic of Congo, hosts the largest lava lake on Earth. Nyamulagira Volcano, the neighbor of Nyiragongo Volcano, also hosts a small lava lake in a pit crater since 2014. By imaging the ground deformation around lava lakes in the summit areas of those volcanoes, we can model and visualize the magma plumbing system. The two volcanoes targeted for analysis in this project are hazardous and can quickly transition from open-vent lava lake activity to dangerous and fast eruptions. In particular, the hazards posed by Nyiragongo are considerable, as highlighted by the last deadly eruption in 2002. Given that other volcanoes in the U.S. (Hawaii) and elsewhere share similarities with the Congo volcanoes, the research proposed here has broad implications for volcanoes and eruption forecasting worldwide. This project is conducted in collaboration with scientists in Belgium and will support research and graduate and undergraduate education and training at Pennsylvania State University. This project will address the following question at two hazardous volcanoes hosting lava lakes: What is causing the deformation of Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira (Democratic Republic of Congo)'s crater floors? The project will take advantage of recent spatially and temporally dense Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets acquired over Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira volcanoes (Democratic Republic of Congo). Those dense datasets are processed with a recently developed InSAR time series approach, the Multidimensional Small BAseline Subset (MSBAS) method (Samsonov and d'Oreye, 2012) that allows to ingest different satellite and orbits within the same SBAS algorithm to output a detailed time-series of ground displacements. Then, the project will aim to model the ground surface deformation observed in the summit areas of both volcanoes during periods of various lava lake activity. The ground deformation of the crater floors is due to one, or a combination of, the following factors that will each need to be thoroughly investigated and tested at each volcano: lava flow cooling and subsidence, pressure changes in a shallow reservoir, motion along caldera ring faults, and magma intrusion cooling and subsidence. By integrating several remote sensing geodetic (ground surface deformation) datasets processed with an innovative time series approach, with other remote sensing based lava lake surface heights, thermal anomalies and gas (i.e., SO2), together with other ground-based measurements such as seismic and gas, a conceptual model of the shallow part of the magma plumbing system will be developed at two volcanic systems. This project is cofunded by the Prediction of and Resilience against Extreme Events (PREEVENTS) program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

火山会造成自然危害（熔岩流，灰羽，地震等），可能会给当地人口和经济带来风险。该项目旨在更好地了解火山的工作方式和预测未来的爆发，了解火山下方的岩浆位置和多少。火山下方的岩浆导管和储物区构成了岩浆管道系统。熔岩湖为岩浆管道系统的浅层部分提供了独特的窗口。但是，地球上只有少数火山永久地容纳了一个熔岩湖（半）。刚果民主共和国的Nyiragongo火山是地球上最大的熔岩湖。 Nyiragongo Volcano的邻居Nyamulagira火山自2014年以来还在一个坑山口上举办了一个小熔岩湖。通过对这些火山山顶熔岩周围的熔岩湖周围的地面变形进行成像，我们可以对岩浆管道系统进行建模和可视化。该项目中用于分析的两个火山是危险的，可以迅速从露天熔岩湖活动过渡到危险和快速喷发。特别是，Nyiragongo造成的危害是相当大的，正如2002年的最后一次致命爆发所强调的那样。鉴于美国（夏威夷）和其他地方的其他火山与刚果火山有着相似之处，这里提出的研究对世界各地的火山和喷发预测都具有广泛的影响。该项目与比利时的科学家合作进行，并将支持宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究，研究生和本科教育和培训。该项目将在主持熔岩湖的两个危险火山上解决以下问题：是什么导致Nyiragongo和Nyamulagira（刚果民主共和国）的火山口楼层变形？该项目将利用最近在空间和时间密集的合成孔径雷达（SAR）数据集中获得的，该数据集在Nyiragongo和Nyamulagira火山（刚果民主共和国）上获取。这些密集的数据集使用最近开发的Insar时间序列方法处理，即多维小基线子集（MSBAS）方法（Samsonov和D'Oreye，2012），该方法允许在同一SBAS算法中摄取不同的卫星和轨道，以输出一个详细的地面位移的详细时间序列。然后，该项目将旨在模拟各种熔岩湖活动期间，两种火山的山顶区域中观察到的地面变形。火山口地板的地面变形是由于每个火山上都需要对每个因素进行彻底研究和测试的因素：熔岩流冷却和沉降，浅层储层的压力变化，沿浅层环的压力变化，沿火山声环的运动变化，以及岩浆入侵冷却和沉降。通过整合使用创新的时间序列方法处理的几种遥感大地传感（地面变形）数据集，以及其他基于遥感的熔岩湖表面高度，热异常和气体和气体（即SO2）以及其他基于地面的测量值（例如地震和气体），例如地震和气体（例如地震和气体），这是Magma Plumbers Plumbing Systems的浅色概念模型。该项目的预测和韧性对极端事件（预先审核）计划的弹性都使人联想到，该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估标准通过评估来获得支持的。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Remote volcano monitoring using crowd-sourced imagery and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry: A case study of Oldoinyo Lengai's active pit crater since the 2007–08 paroxysm

使用众包图像和运动结构摄影测量进行远程火山监测：以 2007 年 8 月火山爆发以来 Oldoinyo Lengai 活火山口为例

DOI：
10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2023.107918
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Tournigand, Pierre-Yves;Smets, Benoît;Laxton, Kate;Dille, Antoine;France, Lydéric;Chazot, Gilles;Ho, Cristy;Wauthier, Christelle;Nicholson, Emma J.;Kasanzu, Charles Happe
通讯作者：
Kasanzu, Charles Happe

Ground deformation and lava accumulation measurements in volcanic craters using UAS image acquisitions and 4D photogrammetry

使用 UAS 图像采集和 4D 摄影测量测量火山口的地面变形和熔岩堆积