Arctic Cold-Air Outbreak Mixed-Phase Cloud Characteristics, Processes and Impacts in Observations and Models

北极冷空气爆发混合相云特征、过程及其对观测和模型的影响

• 批准号: 2150848
• 负责人: Paquita Zuidema
• 金额: $ 65.78万
• 依托单位: University of Miami
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2150848&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Cold; Air; Outbreak; Mixed

Arctic climate is changing at a faster pace than anywhere on Earth. Climate projections indicate that the Arctic will continue to warm, but uncertainties arise due to questions about the future behavior of Arctic clouds. An area of primary uncertainty is the properties of clouds that form during cold-air outbreaks, where very cold airmasses over the Arctic ice move southward over the relatively warm open ocean. This award will help to provide observational data of these clouds (and precipitation) and the exchange of energy between the ocean and atmosphere during the Cold-Air outbreak Experiment in the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR), which will be conducted in Spring 2024 out of northern Scandinavia. The observations collected during CAESAR will be used in an effort to better understand the characteristics of the cold-air outbreak system, and the Arctic climate system more broadly, in order to inform climate models and projections. The project will also help to improve forecasting of weather hazards with significant relevance to naval operations, commercial shipping, and coastal communities. The broader field effort includes significant opportunities for students and early-career scientists, international collaboration, and public outreach. This award will contribute to the main broader impact goals of the CAESAR campaign.This project will make use of remote sensing observations of mixed-phase clouds to characterize their partitioning between liquid and ice as a function of the cloud evolution, with an additional step of using CAESAR-constrained large-eddy-scale simulations to understand the processes that determine this partitioning. The primary addition to the CAESAR campaign from this award is the measurement of cloud liquid water path from a G-band Vapor Radiometer. The researchers hypothesize that the cold air outbreak clouds produced near the sea ice edge are fully liquid, and transition to liquid cloud overlying ice precipitation further downstream, through interactions with the large-scale environmental parameters (aerosol and dynamical) that are reflected in the cloud morphology. A counter-hypothesis is that much of the precipitation can also occur as super-cooled drizzle, potentially due to a lack of ice nucleating particles (INPs).Primary funding for this project comes from the Physical and Dynamic Meteorology program with partial funding from the Arctic Natural Sciences program. The deployment of observational assets for CAESAR is being funded by the Facilities for Atmospheric Research and Education program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极气候的变化比地球上任何地方都要快。 气候预测表明，北极将继续温暖，但由于对北极云的未来行为的疑问，出现了不确定性。 主要不确定性的区域是在冷空气中爆发过程中形成的云的特性，北极冰上的非常冷的气动在相对温暖的开阔海洋上向南移动。 该奖项将有助于提供这些云（以及降水）的观察数据，以及在亚北极地区（凯撒）的冷空气爆发实验期间（凯撒）在海洋和大气之间的能量交换，该实验将于2024年春季在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部进行。 为了更好地了解冷空气爆发系统的特征，以及北极气候系统的特征，将使用凯撒期间收集的观察结果，以便为气候模型和预测提供信息。 该项目还将有助于改善与海军行动，商业航运和沿海社区的重要相关性的天气危害的预测。 更广泛的现场努力包括学生和早期职业科学家，国际合作和公共宣传的重要机会。 该奖项将有助于凯撒运动的主要更广泛的影响目标。该项目将利用混合层云的遥感观察结果来表征其在液体和冰之间的分配，这是云进化的函数，并采用了使用Caesar限制的大型尺度模拟来理解确定此分区的过程。 该奖项的凯撒运动的主要补充是测量G波段蒸气辐射计的云液态水路。 研究人员假设在海冰边缘附近产生的冷空气爆发云是完全液体的，并且通过与云形态中反射的大型环境参数（气雾剂和动力学）相互作用，向下游的液体云进一步覆盖了冰层。 一个反刺治的是，大部分降水也可以作为超冷的毛毛雨而发生，这可能是由于缺乏冰核颗粒（INP）。该项目的主要资金来自北极自然科学计划的部分资金的物理和动态气象计划。 凯撒观察资产的部署由大气研究和教育计划的设施提供资金。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。