Aerosol Influences on Ice Formation in Arctic Cold Air Outbreak Clouds during Cold-Air outbreak Experiment in the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR)

亚北极地区冷空气爆发实验期间气溶胶对北极冷空气爆发云冰形成的影响（CAESAR）

• 批准号: 2150040
• 负责人: Russell Perkins
• 金额: $ 60.15万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2150040&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Aerosol; Influences; Ice; Formation; Arctic

Arctic climate is changing at a faster pace than anywhere on Earth. Climate projections indicate that the Arctic will continue to warm, but uncertainties arise due to questions about the future behavior of Arctic clouds. An area of primary uncertainty is the properties of clouds that form during cold-air outbreaks, where very cold airmasses over the Arctic ice move southward over the relatively warm open ocean. This award will help to provide observational data of these clouds (and precipitation) and the exchange of energy between the ocean and atmosphere during the Cold-Air outbreak Experiment in the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR), which will be conducted in Spring 2024 out of northern Scandinavia. The observations collected during CAESAR will be used in an effort to better understand the characteristics of the cold-air outbreak system, and the Arctic climate system more broadly, in order to inform climate models and projections. The project will also help to improve forecasting of weather hazards with significant relevance to naval operations, commercial shipping, and coastal communities. The broader field effort includes significant opportunities for students and early-career scientists, international collaboration, and public outreach. A key addition from this project is in the inclusion of early-career researchers in the role of flight scientist, providing them with an valuable training opportunity. This award will seek to constrain primary ice nucleating particle (INP) sources and concentrations associated with cold air outbreak (CAO) cloud systems, thereby supporting the understanding of the evolution of microphysical processes and their description in collaborative cloud modeling simulations. Data will be used to answer questions about the source of the INP, the primary nucleation mode, and how glaciation occurs. Real-time INP measurements will be made using the Colorado St. Univ. (CSU) Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) augmented with an MSP-4240 aerosol concentrator. In addition, filter samples will be collected for offline measurements of immersion freezing INP concentrations with the CSU ice spectrometer. Primary funding for this project comes from the Physical and Dynamic Meteorology program with partial funding from the Arctic Natural Sciences program. The deployment of observational assets for CAESAR is being funded by the Facilities for Atmospheric Research and Education program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

北极气候的变化比地球上任何地方都要快。 气候预测表明，北极将继续温暖，但由于对北极云的未来行为的疑问，出现了不确定性。 主要不确定性的区域是在冷空气中爆发过程中形成的云的特性，北极冰上的非常冷的气动在相对温暖的开阔海洋上向南移动。 该奖项将有助于提供这些云（以及降水）的观察数据，以及在亚北极地区（凯撒）的冷空气爆发实验期间（凯撒）在海洋和大气之间的能量交换，该实验将于2024年春季在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部进行。 为了更好地了解冷空气爆发系统的特征，以及北极气候系统的特征，将使用凯撒期间收集的观察结果，以便为气候模型和预测提供信息。 该项目还将有助于改善与海军行动，商业航运和沿海社区的重要相关性的天气危害的预测。 更广泛的现场努力包括学生和早期职业科学家，国际合作和公共宣传的重要机会。 该项目的一个关键是将早期研究人员包括在飞行科学家的角色中，为他们提供宝贵的培训机会。 该奖项将旨在限制与冷空气爆发（CAO）云系统相关的主要冰核粒子（INP）的来源和浓度，从而在协作云建模模拟中支持对微物理过程的演变及其描述的理解。 数据将用于回答有关INP来源，主要成核模式以及冰川如何发生的问题。 实时INP测量将使用科罗拉多州圣大学进行。 （CSU）用MSP-4240气溶胶浓度增强的连续流扩散室（CFDC）。 此外，将收集过滤器样品，以通过CSU冰光谱仪的浸入浸入INP浓度的离线测量。 该项目的主要资金来自北极自然科学计划的部分资金的身体和动态气象计划。 凯撒观察资产的部署由大气研究和教育计划的设施提供资金。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来获得支持。