Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Classic Genetic and Social Kinship Networks

合作研究：重建经典遗传和社会亲属关系网络

• 批准号: 2150814
• 负责人: Douglas Kennett
• 金额: $ 3.48万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2150814&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Reconstructing; Classic; Genetic

Family and familial relations form the underlying basis of social interaction in all human societies around the world. Anthropological reconstructions of contemporary kinship systems have revealed how insightful the study of families are to understanding broader socio-political relationships. Yet to date, there is very little understanding of past kinship practices. Ancient historical texts to focus on elite social members. While these sources clearly show that royal marriages were vitally important political unions, it is necessary to move below the tip of the iceberg and begin to understand kinship at a societal scale to truly understand political relationships and interaction at a broader level. Recent advances in archaeological genetics offer enormous potential to understand such relationships in the ancient world. This project focuses on reconstructing the entirety of social kinship practices at a broad social scale. The project will provide a nuanced understanding of how a kinship system operated at different levels of social and political hierarchy, and it will open the door to societal-scale reconstructions of kinship practices in the past. This project provides training for a postdoctoral researcher in analytical techniques that bridge the social and natural sciences, as well as collaborative training opportunities for early career researchers. The project has flagship outreach and engagement components that will build international bridges between students and researchers, and directly involve stakeholders and descendant communities. Dissemination of results will be achieved through a multiplicity of scientific and popular publications, as well as interactive activities.The research examines: (1) how marriage alliances were employed by different members of a hierarchical social hierarchy; (2) how marriage patterns varied between polities; and (3) how marriage patterns changed over time, through a society’s rise to its decline and political collapse. These questions will be approached by systematically analyzing extensive archaeological data collected over the past 30 years, in combination with new radiocarbon dating and archaeogenetics analysis. Genome-wide ancient DNA analysis will be used to reconstruct the genetic history of 21 elite and commoner households in order to provide a societal scale understanding of kinship practices and marriage alliances at three different sites during periods of centralization and decline in political power and authority. The framework developed in this study will serve as a model that can be employed in multiple regions of the world to better understand the emergence and perpetuation of systems of power and inequality.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

家庭和家庭关系构成了世界各地所有人类社会社会互动的根本基础。人类学对当代亲属关系系统的重建揭示了家庭研究对于理解更广泛的社会政治关系的深刻见解。了解过去的亲属关系实践，重点关注精英社会成员虽然这些资料清楚地表明王室婚姻是极其重要的政治联盟，但有必要深入了解冰山一角并开始在社会层面上理解亲属关系。考古学的最新进展为理解古代世界的此类关系提供了巨大的遗传潜力，该项目将致力于在广泛的社会范围内重建整个社会亲属关系实践。对亲属制度如何在社会和政治等级制度的不同层面上运作的细致入微的了解，将为过去社会范围内亲属关系实践的重建打开大门。该项目为博士后研究员提供了分析技术方面的培训。社会和自然该项目具有旗舰外展和参与部分，将在学生和研究人员之间建立国际桥梁，并直接让利益相关者和后代社区参与，通过多种科学手段实现成果的传播。该研究探讨了：（1）社会等级制度的不同成员如何采用婚姻联盟；（2）不同政体之间的婚姻模式如何变化；（3）婚姻模式如何变化。时间，通过一个这些问题将通过系统分析过去 30 年来收集的大量考古数据，并结合新的放射性碳测年法和全基因组古代 DNA 分析来重建遗传。 21个精英和平民家庭的历史，以便在政治权力和权威的集权和衰落时期提供对三个不同地点的亲属关系实践和婚姻联盟的社会规模理解。受雇于世界多个地区，以更好地了解权力和不平等体系的出现和延续。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。