RAPID: Field investigation to collect snow, debris flow and sediment deposition and the glacier-melt induced peak flows and landslide in the Chamoli region, Uttarakhand, India

RAPID：在印度北阿坎德邦查莫利地区收集积雪、泥石流和沉积物以及冰川融化引起的洪峰和山体滑坡的现场调查

• 批准号: 2127775
• 负责人: Venkataramana Sridhar
• 金额: $ 2.5万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2127775&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Field; investigation; collect; snow

On 7 Feb 2021, a cataclysmic flood triggered cascading events near Chamoli, in the state of Uttarakhand in the Himalayan range of India, resulting in washing away of a bridge and cutting off villages near the border areas of China. About 15 km downstream of the avalanche location, the Rishi Ganga Hydroelectric project was washed off and the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Tapovan project was also damaged. The cause of this glacier melt-induced landslide and flooding is suspected to have links to global warming and glacial retreat. The data to be collected for this project will inform whether this natural disaster was triggered by snowpack and glacial melt versus land-use change and deforestation, or a combination of these factors, that cause devastating landslides and floods in the ecologically fragile, headwater region of the Ganges. Understanding hydrologic and geomorphic processes in high-altitude environments is essential to closely evaluate if human-induced changes are contributing to extreme events. Improvements in our ability to predict glacial outburst/landslide/flooding events in high elevation, glaciated areas such as the Himalayan region has potential to mitigate impacts of future disasters.Changing climate and deforestation are impacting hydrological processes in the high elevation regions of the Himalayan range. Climate change is causing glacial retreat and changes in snowpack dynamics, while deforestation and land use change are modifying snow energy budgets and soil moisture dynamics. These impacts are compounded by one another and may result in extreme flood events. The data to be collected for this project will inform gaps in knowledge on snowmelt runoff and soil moisture dynamics and landslide vulnerability in the hillslopes of the Himalayan Range. The time-bound perishable data will be valuable for identifying the mass of snow and volume of runoff, as well as understanding the hydrological and landslide processes associated with this extreme event. The proposed RAPID project leverages a unique opportunity to collect information at the site in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (IITR), which is located within 200 miles of the site. This proposal is co-funded by the Hydrologic Sciences and Geomorphology & Land-use Dynamics programs, as well as the Division of Earth Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2021年2月7日，灾难性的洪水引发了印度喜马拉雅山脉北阿坎德邦的Chamoli附近的级联事件，从而导致桥梁清洗了，并切断了中国边界附近的村庄。在雪崩地点下游约15公里处，Rishi Ganga水力发电项目被冲走了，国家热电公司（NTPC）tapovan项目也损坏了。这种冰川融化引起的滑坡和洪水的原因怀疑与全球变暖和冰川静修有联系。为该项目收集的数据将告知这场自然灾害是由积雪和冰川融化与土地利用的变化和森林砍伐引起的，还是这些因素的结合，这些因素会导致恒河上生态脆弱的脑海中造成毁灭性的陆上滑坡和洪水。在高空环境中了解水文和地貌过程对于密切评估人类诱导的变化是否有助于极端事件至关重要。提高了我们预测高海拔地区冰川爆发/滑坡/洪水事件的能力，喜马拉雅地区等冰川地区有可能减轻未来灾难的影响。改变喜马拉雅范围高海拔地区的水文过程会影响更改的气候和森林砍伐。气候变化正在引起冰川静修和积雪动态的变化，而森林砍伐和土地使用变化正在改变雪能预算和土壤水分动态。这些影响彼此更加复杂，可能导致极端的洪水事件。为该项目收集的数据将为喜马拉雅山脉山坡上的融雪径流和土壤水分动态和滑坡脆弱性的知识差距提供信息。时间限制的易腐数据对于识别降雪和径流的质量以及了解与此极端事件相关的水文和滑坡过程将很有价值。拟议的快速项目利用了与位于该网站200英里以内的印度理工学院Roorkee（IITR）合作在现场收集信息的独特机会。该提案由水文科学和地貌学和土地利用动力学计划以及地球科学部共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准通过评估来进行评估的。