Identifying and Reducing Gender Bias in STEM: Systematically Synthesizing the Experimental Evidence

识别和减少 STEM 中的性别偏见：系统地综合实验证据

• 批准号: 2055422
• 负责人: David Miller
• 金额: $ 106.74万
• 依托单位: American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2055422&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identifying; Reducing; Gender; Bias; STEM

This project will integrate high-quality experimental evidence on the existence of, and strategies to reduce, gender bias in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, including how gender bias may intersect with other identities such as race and ethnicity. Biases favoring men could thwart women’s training and careers in STEM fields in many ways, but research also suggests promising interventions for changing biased cultures and structures. This project will synthesize four decades of research to understand the postsecondary and workforce contexts in which bias against women in STEM remains especially pernicious and the interventions that can most effectively reduce such biases. The results will inform scholarly debates such as whether biases against women in STEM have reduced over time, persist in nearly all training and career contexts, or vary in more nuanced ways across contexts and STEM fields. The work ultimately aims to help organizations (a) disrupt the culture of peer and mentor discrimination that could directly block women’s entry into STEM fields and (b) mitigate the accumulated experiences of discrimination and exclusion that could drive women out of STEM. Dissemination of project findings will especially focus on actionable insights for higher education institutions, such as bias reduction strategies that male and female STEM faculty can adopt in their teaching, mentoring, and service activities. This project is funded by the EHR Core Research (ECR) program, which supports work that advances fundamental research on STEM learning and learning environments, broadening participation in STEM, and STEM workforce development.The synthesis will include two sets of studies: (a) studies testing for the existence of gender bias in STEM fields (bias identification studies) and (b) studies evaluating interventions to reduce such biases (bias reduction studies). For both, the synthesis will focus on randomized experimental designs, such as changing the name on a résumé from John to Jennifer (bias identification study) or assigning some individuals to receive diversity training or not (bias reduction study). Focusing on experimental designs maximizes the rigor of the evidence to be synthesized because they help rule out potential confounds when testing for bias and evaluating intervention efficacy. All STEM fields will be eligible for review, spanning undergraduate education to the academic and nonacademic workforce, to provide a robust and thorough understanding of where gender biases exist and how interventions can reduce them. Contrasting with traditional literature reviews, the team will use rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis methods to improve transparency of the review process, reduce reviewer bias, and ensure the project’s findings are robust and comprehensive of existing high-quality evidence. Statistical analyses will focus on understanding how specific contextual features (e.g., formal accountability, disciplinary field, intervention design) can explain mixed findings on identifying and reducing gender bias in STEM. This knowledge can help universities, companies, and other organizations pinpoint where targeted intervention is most needed and which strategies will be most effective for mitigating bias.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将整合关于科学、技术、工程和数学 (STEM) 领域性别偏见的存在和减少策略的高质量实验证据，包括性别偏见如何与种族和民族等其他身份交叉。有利于男性的偏见可能会在很多方面阻碍女性在 STEM 领域的培训和职业生涯，但研究还表明，有希望采取干预措施来改变有偏见的文化和结构。该项目将综合四十年的研究，以了解对女性存在偏见的高等教育和劳动力环境。 STEM 仍然特别有害，而能够最有效地减少此类偏见的干预措施将为学术辩论提供信息，例如 STEM 中针对女性的偏见是否随着时间的推移而减少，是否在几乎所有培训和职业环境中持续存在，或者在各个领域以更细微的方式变化。这项工作的最终目标是帮助组织 (a) 打破可能直接阻碍女性进入 STEM 领域的同伴和导师歧视文化，以及 (b) 减少可能导致女性退出 STEM 领域的歧视和排斥的累积经验。干。项目研究结果的传播将特别关注高等教育机构的可行见解，例如男性和女性 STEM 教师可以在教学、指导和服务活动中采用的减少偏见的策略。该项目由 EHR 核心研究 (ECR) 资助。该计划支持推进 STEM 学习和学习环境的基础研究、扩大 STEM 的参与以及 STEM 劳动力发展的工作。综合将包括两组研究：(a) 测试 STEM 领域是否存在性别偏见的研究（偏见识别研究）和(b) 评估减少此类偏见的干预措施的研究（偏见减少研究），综合将侧重于随机实验设计，例如将简历上的名字从约翰更改为詹妮弗（偏见识别研究）或分配一些人。是否接受多样性培训（减少偏差研究）。注重实验设计可以最大限度地提高合成证据的严谨性，因为它们有助于排除测试偏差和评估干预效果时的潜在混淆，涵盖所有 STEM 领域。本科教育与传统的文献综述相比，为了向学术和非学术工作者提供对性别偏见存在的地方以及如何减少性别偏见的强有力和透彻的了解，该团队将使用严格的系统审查和荟萃分析方法来提高审查的透明度。统计分析将侧重于了解具体的背景特征（例如正式问责制、学科领域、干预设计）如何解释识别过程中的混合结果。并减少性别偏见这些知识可以帮助大学、公司和其他组织确定哪里最需要有针对性的干预以及哪些策略对减少偏见最有效。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的评估被认为值得支持。智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。